Sins Ability to Control a Person in The Scarlet Letter :: essays research papers

Sins Ability to Control a PersonSin is a major theme in The violent Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne. In The Scarlet Letter, sin is practiced throughout a few of the characters. The only difference amongst them is the way that they try to atone for it or be completely enveloped by it. Sin can defecate control of a person and devour them completely to the point of no return.Hester at first mat that her sin had taken away everything that she had and left her with only one thing, Pearl. When she first walked out of the prison and onto the scaffold, she was full of pride but from that point on, she was isolated from her confederacy and forced to live in the forest with only her baby. Hester felt that suicide was the only thing she deserved after committing adultery. She says, I move over thought of death, have wished for it?would even have prayed for it, were it fit that such as I should pray for anything. Yet, if death be in this cup, I bid thee think again, ere thou beholdest me sl og it. See it is even now at my lips. As time passes by, Hester?s personality gradually changes and she becomes a completely different person. She has become more affectionateness although her lifestyle became worse.As for Reverend Dimmesdale, he is completely enveloped by his guilt from the sin that he has committed and is unable to come forward to confess it. Instead, he tortures himself each and every day. Hawthorne writes, ?His Dimmesdale?s inward trouble drove him to practices more in accordance with the old, corrupted faith of Rome than with the better light of the church ? In Mr. Dimmesdales secret closet, under lock and key, there was a bloody scourge.? Later, he says that he tries to confess by saying that he has sinned but the Puritan society misinterprets it as a sign of him being a saint and that if he has sinned then what are they. Chillingworth is also a sinner because he pretends to be a physician when he really isn?t and takes that role to torture Reverend Dimmesda le. Chillingworth tortures Dimmesdale slowly by hurting him both physically and mentally. During this time he pretends to take care of him in which he really isn?t. Hawthorne writes, ?Calm, gentle, passionless, as he appeared, there was ? a quiet depth of malice ? but active now, in this disastrous old man ? imagine a more intimate revenge ? upon an enemy.

A Comparison of Individual Responsibility in Oedipus Rex and A Dolls H

Individual Responsibility in Oedipus Rex and A Dolls House In Sophocles Oedipus Rex and Ibsens A Dolls House, the master(prenominal) characters - Nora and Oedipus, are both constructed to illustrate flaws in society. Oedipus psychological evolution sees him begin as an all-powerful, righteous king, who seemingly through no fault of his own murders his baffle and marries his mother. His evolution ends with his self-blinding, an action which Sophocles uses to set the true freedom of the individual before divine authority. In A Dolls House, the development of Nora Helmer leads her from believing that she is happily married to realizing that she is a mere possession for her husbands entertainment. By her decision at the end of the play to leave her family and explore her own self-identity, Ibsen is insinuating that concern for oneself is far from selfish it is in incident a supreme duty. Both plays introduced new waves of thought into society, and proved that freedom and justice are essentially matters of individual decision and responsibility.1 King Oedipus is introduced in Oedipus Rex as the charming, courageous, and all powerful king of Thebes. In the opening sequence of the play, Oedipus is approached by his citizens, led by a priest, who asks him to find the source of the plague which is devastating their city. He praises Oedipus as King of the land, our greatest power,ln. 15 and then goes on to describe the dire situation the townspeople find themselves in, which includes stillborn babies and pestilence. Sophocles uses this conversation between Oedipus and the priest to establish Oedipus grandeur, as can be seen in by the Priests plea to Oedipus Now we pray to you. You cannot equal the gods, your chi... ...g. 138 5 Knox, Bernard. Sophocles - The Three Theban Plays. Pg. 139 6 Ibid. pg. 138 7 ln. 269-279 8 ln. 469-474 9 Salome, Lou. Ibsens Heroines 10 Ibsen, Henrik. A Dolls House. Pg. 30 11 Salome, Lou. Ibsens Heroines. Pg. 48 12 Ibsen, Henrik. A Dolls Ho use. Pg. 54 13 Salome, Lou. Ibsens Heroines. Pg. 48 14 Ibid. Pg. XV 15 Ibid. Pg. 63 16 Ibsen, Henrik. A Dolls House - Pg. XVI 17 ln. 1395-1405 18 MacFarlane, James. Ibsen and Meaning - Studies, Essays, and Prefaces. Pg. 248 19 Ibsen, Henrik. A Dolls House Pg. 99 20 Winnington Ingram, R.P. Fate in Sophocles. Pg. 134 21 Knox, Bernard. Sophocles - The Three Theban Plays. Pg. 149 22 ln. 1467-71 23 MacFarlane, James. Ibsen and Meaning - Studies, Essays, and Prefaces. Pg. 245 24 Ibid. Pg. 250 25 Ibid. Pg. 250

Proposal for a Sustainable Forestry Management Policy Essay -- Proposa

Proposal for a Sustainable Forestry Management PolicyForests are an invaluable natural resource with multiple contrast uses. When left to stand, forests help conserve biodiversity, stabilize the environment and control erosion when logged, they provide building materials, fuel and agricultural land for human use. The challenge is to arrive an equilibrium between these uses in other words, to make the transition toward sustainable forestry management.Unfortunately, poverty has driven people in developing countries to clear-cut large tracts of land, temporary hookup instability and corruption have rendered developing country governments powerless to stop illegal logging and trade in illegal forest products. The results have been staggering. The ground Resources Institute recently reported that tropical regions have been deforested at an alarming rate of 1% annually since 1985 in some countries, the rate has spiraled to over 7% per year (1). Much of this deforestation is linked to t he illegal trade in forest products. Greenpeace estimates that up to 80% of all logs cut in the Brazilian virago are extracted illegally the estimate is 70% for Indonesia (2). In order to fight the problem of illegal logging and trade, I propose the following package of indemnity actions. First, to change US government procurement policy to prefer timber from sustainably managed forests second, to provide technical assistance to help developing countries with forestry management and third, to promote a national eco-certification system for sustainably managed forestry products.FIRST, the US government shall adapt its timber procurement policy to give preferential treatment to forest products certified to meet sustainable management criteria. In t... ...rg(6) ISO 14001, 14061 http//www.iso.ch(7) ISF Smartwood Certification, http//www.isf-sw.org/cert.htm(8) Environmental Protection Agency, Climate Protection Division. The Power to Make a Difference. 1999 Annual Report on EnergyStar. http//www.epa.gov/appdstar/pdf/cpd99brief.pdf(9) American Forest and opus Association. U.S. Forest Products Industry Competitive Challenges in a Global Marketplace. http//www.afandpa.org/legislation/legislation.html(10) Rotherham, Tom. Selling Sustainable Development Environmental Labeling and Certification Programs. In Environmentally well-grounded Trade Expansion in the Americas, University of Miami, 2000.(11) WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade(12) Dawkins, Kristen. Eco-Labelling Consumers Right to Know or Restrictive Business Practice? Institute for market-gardening and Trade Policy, 1996.

Edward Kennedy Ellington :: essays research papers

The man was born Edward Kennedy Ellington but he exists in the eyes of American culture as the Duke. He received the soubriquet from a childhood friend who recognized his style and debonair. That style would carry him around the country and eventually the orb as one of the music worlds most prolific composers. His life began in Washington DC on April 29, 1899. Duke did not start up as a child prognostication while he took piano lessons, he leaned more to sports in his formative familys. His parents were strong role models who supported his interests and taught him how to be successful in life. As he grew up and made his way through high school, he developed artistic talent which would lead him to seek higher education in that field. He turned down and prestigious scholarship to Pratt Institute of Fine Art and stayed in Washington to attend Armstrong Manual Training School instead. It was during college that his interest in music took off. He was intrigued by Ragtime style pianis ts in Washington and would seek out Jazz piano players wherever he went. His earliest person-to-person influence was a piano player named Harvey Brooks. Combined with his early teachers, Oliver Doc Perry and Louis Brown, Duke Ellington found the encouragement and skills necessary for him to go out and become successful. He go forth school to pursue music as a career and found some work in Washington with his first band The Dukes Serenaders. They play in Washington for six years before making an of the essence(p) move to New York in 1923 at the advice of Jazz colossal Fats Waller. In that year Ellington recorded his first record and changed the bands name to The Washingtonians.Radio was the big key to the foundation of Ellingtons success in New York. It was tuner which had prepared New Yorkers for his sound and once his band made connections with the major New York clubs, it was radio which made their sound a national phenomenon. The most important of the clubs which Duke Ellin gton played for was the Cotton Club. The combination of the national radio broadcasts that aired from the Cotton Club and the addition of Irving Mills as the bands manager launched Ellington from running a great band to being a star. His fame gave him the ability to develop his band and add in the best musicians from around the country.

The Devastation of Agent Orange Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research P

Abstract This paper exposes the social injustices to Americans and to Vietnamese resulting from spraying of Agent chromatic during the Vietnam Conflict. American Vietnam Veterans and many Vietnamese citizens have struggled with the United States Government for due reparations from the devastation of Agent orangeness that has shattered their lives. Veterans have demanded compensation for this injustice through lawsuits and government allocations while the Vietnamese want the United States to clean up their dioxin-contaminated land and waterways. The United States has denied responsibility and the battle continues as veterans and the Vietnamese challenge the United States to accept its wrongdoing. This paper provides the curtilage that the US government knowingly sprayed innocent people without warning. Based on the treatment of US military personnel, this paper argues that a major international safari will be required to force the US Government to assist in responding to the Vi etnamese crisis.BackgroundDuring Operation Ranch Hand the US business Force sprayed approximately 18 million gallons of the herbicide and defoliant, Agent Orange, over South Vietnam from 1965 - 1970 (Moore 2000). Both US military bases and Vietnamese cities were sprayed in order to abate the amount of foliage to prevent surprise attacks as well as to deprive the enemy of food, since much of the spraying was over agricultural land. Agent Orange is composed of equal parts of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5- trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) (Moore 2000). Agent Orange was also contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (dioxin) which is a byproduct of the manufacturing of 2,4,5-T (Moore 2000). Dioxin has been described as the ... ... Constable, Muneaki Matsuda, Vu Duc Thao and Amanda L. Piskac. Recent Dioxin taint from Agent Orange in Residents of a Southern Vietnam city. Journal of Occupational and environmental Medicine. Volume 43, Number 5. May 2001. pp. 433-443.Schector, Arnold, Marian Pavuk, John D. Constable, Le Cao Dai, and Olaf Papke. A Follow-Up High Level of Dioxin Contamination in Vietnamese from Agent Orange, Three Decades after the end of spraying. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Volume 44, Number 5. March 2002. pp.218-220.Wilcox, Fred. Waiting for an Army to die. Seven Locks Press Cabin John, MD. 1989.Winerip, Michael. US Judge clears way for trial on Agent Orange. New York Times. May 18, 1983.Young, A.L. and G.M. Reggiani. Agent Orange and its associated dioxin assessment of a controversy. Elsevier Amsterdam. 1988.

The Devastation of Agent Orange Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research P

Abstract This paper exposes the social injustices to Americans and to Vietnamese resulting from spraying of factor Orange during the Vietnam Conflict. American Vietnam Veterans and many Vietnamese citizens boast struggled with the United States Government for due reparations from the devastation of Agent Orange that has shattered their lives. Veterans have demanded compensation for this injustice through lawsuits and government allocations while the Vietnamese unavoidableness the United States to clean up their dioxin-contaminated land and waterways. The United States has denied responsibility and the battle continues as veterans and the Vietnamese challenge the United States to accept its wrongdoing. This paper provides the evidence that the US government knowingly sprayed innocent people without warning. Based on the treatment of US military personnel, this paper argues that a major international effort pass on be required to force the US Government to assist in responding t o the Vietnamese crisis.BackgroundDuring Operation Ranch Hand the US Air personnel office sprayed approximately 18 million gallons of the herbicide and defoliant, Agent Orange, over South Vietnam from 1965 - 1970 (Moore 2000). Both US military bases and Vietnamese cities were sprayed in order to decrease the fall of foliage to prevent surprise attacks as well as to deprive the enemy of food, since much of the spraying was over agricultural land. Agent Orange is undisturbed of equal parts of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5- trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) (Moore 2000). Agent Orange was also contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (dioxin) which is a byproduct of the manufacturing of 2,4,5-T (Moore 2000). Dioxin has been described as the ... ... Constable, Muneaki Matsuda, Vu Duc Thao and Amanda L. Piskac. Recent Dioxin Contamination from Agent Orange in Residents of a Southern Vietnam city. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine . record 43, Number 5. May 2001. pp. 433-443.Schector, Arnold, Marian Pavuk, John D. Constable, Le Cao Dai, and Olaf Papke. A Follow-Up High Level of Dioxin Contamination in Vietnamese from Agent Orange, Three Decades after the end of spraying. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Volume 44, Number 5. March 2002. pp.218-220.Wilcox, Fred. Waiting for an Army to die. Seven Locks Press Cabin John, MD. 1989.Winerip, Michael. US Judge clears way for trial on Agent Orange. invigorated York Times. May 18, 1983.Young, A.L. and G.M. Reggiani. Agent Orange and its associated dioxin assessment of a controversy. Elsevier Amsterdam. 1988.

Technology Management Assignment

Introduction The emergence of new technologies has made a big impact on employment fencement. Technology practical applications collect been proven to enkindle the acquisition of information and resources. Technology has withal draw an most-valuable segment in decision making and product launching. As such, with extinct engineering do byment, organizations can non survive in the current line of air environment.Technology vigilance has also been proven as a key comp acent in the creation of wealth. Therefore, the heed of engine room, especially for technology intensive inviolables, is essential for their survival and to maintain their competitive advantage.Technology management is a multi-disciplinary field, which works as a bridge between engineering and backing disciplines. The importance of technology management can non be overlooked. In recent years, all leading developments in the global calling environment ar the result of the application of technology m anagement (Khalil, 2000).Technology management is related to foot (Mortar et al., 2009). In the current business and technological environment, corporations and SMEs must be able to adapt and bourgeon if they want to survive and expand their business. The ability and testamentingness to change is essential to survive in todays highly competitive environment. As such, innovation has become an important aspect in the culture of an organization and is seen as a driving force in achieving growth (Trott, 2005). Innovation, in turn, is recognized as one of the results of efficient technology management.Technology management is a dynamic tool that can be utilized for various industries, both in the private and administration fields. The didactics area is one of the atomic number 18as where technological improvement is needed. This can be achieved through the lend oneself of online learning softw be and otherwise related tools. Online learning communities argon a growing feature i n the landscape of educational technology. These tools and technology-oriented software are the key improvements in the education remains and this has been proven with the passage of cartridge clip (Herrington & Oliver, 2000)This essay analyses Pakistans education market to find the gaps in the use of technology in the countrys education sector. To illustrate the importance of technology management, the essay also discusses its application in relation to the development of new software targeted for the education sector in Pakistan. The development of the new software is carried out with the guidance of an appropriate technology oriented-business feigning and business plan. This is done to slander the essay and uncertainty involved in the product development process.Literature look backward Benefits of Technology guidanceLooking at the economic history of the UK, technological management has been recognized as one of the key factors in the birth and development of the industr ial sector during the nineteenth century (Trott, 2005). Since then, technology management has been an important aspect in economic and business growth.Technology management is recognized as an important element in business management. Firms have utilized technology management in their operations and have adapted it to suit their business needs (Pilkington & Teichert, 2006). M all organizations are going through radical transformations due to technological changes that are happening on a global scale (Levin & Barnard, 2008). In this scenario, technology management is seen as playing an important role in managing organizational change.Over the years, many authors have focused on how to manage technology resources (Cetindamar, Phaal & Probert, 2009). Technology management involves processes to kindle exercise and utilization of resources. It involves the acquisition and integration of exist knowledge into the creation of new knowledge. This is an important factor for an organization to survive in the current competitive environment. Every organization must have the flexibility to change and legitimateise new knowledge by adapting to the changes in the market. This pass on lead to higher performance and sustainable competitive advantage (Liu et al., 2006).Technology management is identified as a crucial factor for the long-term success and profitability of an organization. Technology is considered as one of the core as zeals that a firm relies on (Cockburn & Henderson, 1998). Technology management enables an organization to utilize its resources in creative ways in order to get up performance and increase profit margin and market share. The company can also acquire and manage resources with the help of technology management.Challenges in Technology ManagementOne of the main difficulties in business is to manage uncertainty. This is the same challenge in technology and innovation management. New product innovation is a complex process. There are numerous f actors and risks involved in innovation. The organization has to manage internal and external risks. Some of these are manageable while others are beyond their control. The management of the innovation process, which is a sub readiness of technology management, involves trying to develop the creative potential of the organization. It involves the fostering of new ideas and generating creativity. Managing uncertainty is a central feature of managing the innovation process and managing technology (Trott, 2005).When there is new product innovation related to technology, the chances of uncertainty arises. Different experts have worked on these issues and have developed theories to avoid uncertainty or to create a better understanding of uncertainty, which occurs from new innovation. One of the theories in avoiding uncertainty is Pearsons Uncertainty Map. This was developed after extensive analysis of different side studies of major technological innovations, including Pilkingtons floa t glass process, 3Ms Post-It noes, and Sonys Walkman (Pearson, 1991).Establishing something new is the essence of product innovation and this process necessarily involves risk. Therefore, early risk identification and management is required by innovative firms. Risk and uncertainty usually occur at the beginning of a new innovation process. It is important to note that innovation is not just about opening up new markets. Innovation can also present new ways of religious service older and established markets.Technology Management and InnovationIn todays fast changing business world, innovation has become a fundamental component in organizations. The speed of innovation has changed the nature of global economic growth made possible by the rapid evolution of technology, shorter product lifecycles, and a higher degree of new product development. Additionally, the availability of much knowledge to firms has made innovation even more complex (Du Plessis, 2007). From this perspective, innovation is undeniably a product of technology management.One of the primary roles of technology is as an enabler it encourages the constant need to evaluate, update, and employ changing job descriptions and business processes (Savino 2009, p.1). Technological advancements have significantly changed how businesses operate and how employees go about doing their work. The new paradigm in business organizations is the continuous demands for improvement and the acquisition of knowledge in a very dynamic and forever and a day evolving environment. The throttle valve that enables constant improvement and innovation is technology (Savino 2009). As such, it is highly important to manage technology in the pursuit of innovation.Researchers have recognized that large international firms are one of the key drivers for the globalization of research and development (R&D) and innovation activities. A study by Gerybadze & Reger (1999) found that R&D and innovation strategies have changed ove r the years. Since the mid-1990s, multinational corporations have been inclined to consolidate and streamline their operations. This shift in technology management strategy is due to the failures of distributed R&D activities and globally-dispersed innovation processes, which have led to highly complicated and unmanageable organizational structures. Consequently, firms have opted for leaner and more effective types in managing the portfolio of innovation activities.Using Business Models for fruit Innovation One of the ways to manage risk in new product innovation is to come up with an appropriate business model or business plan. A business model helps in making the innovation successful and avoiding the chances of failure, which is one of the risks of innovation. Although creating and implementing the business model for a small firm is not an easy process, many firms utilize this in order to minimize the chances of failure (Lindgren, 2011).Business models have been the focus of bot h the academic writers and practitioners. Creating a business model is now a part of the innovation process (Zott, Amit & Massa, 2011). Researchers found that most firms have a variety of activities and corresponding business models. As such, a firm can use different business models to suit their various activities or a multi-business model approach can be used. Carrying out the perfect business model is not an easy task especially for the SMEs because they have limited resources lose knowledge about the business and have few business tools to support their activities (Neffics, 2010).Developing a new software for Pakistans education sector There is an existing gap in the use of technology in Pakistans education sector. Although there are some online tools that are used to manage online data and news, the information is usually found and managed in university websites just now. There are currently no private providers of online learning software in universities in Pakistan. The ne w ruling of the Higher Education Commission (HEC) requires all education institutes to set online databases. As such, universities need to develop online learning software to fulfill the requirements and facilitate their students into use these new tools. This represents a good opportunity for the development of e-learning software for use in universities and colleges in Pakistan. Our plan is to develop software similar to Moodle for use in universities.Industry and target market A few years ago, Pakistan had no framework for the use of technology in higher education. This meant that the countrys education standards and quality were not at par with the rest of world. Pakistan was unable to accept any progress in the education sector until 1991. There were only 34 universities serving a population of over 100 million and from 1997 to 2002, only 10 private universities were added. However, the rapid growth of the education sector resulted in the establishment of 53 private instituti ons by 2004. There are currently more than 74 universities across the country (HEC, 2012). harvest Description The software that get out be plead to customers is similar to Moodle, which is the acronym for Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment. Moodle is an open-source demarcation management system (CMS) / learning management system (LMS) / virtual leaning environment (VLE). It is used as a tool for creating online dynamic websites for students (Moodle 2013). Recent surveys argue that it is considered as one of best e-learning software used by educators and is used by several primary and secondary schools in the UK (The Guardian, 2008).The software is customizable and there pull up stakes be some modifications depending upon the circumstances and requirements of the lymph glands. Using Moodle, the teacher can upload data form anywhere and student can access it instantly (The Guardian, 2008).Our capture is to introduce Moodle and to customize the software accor ding to the needs of the higher education system in Pakistan. The software allow for allow tutors to manage their courses according to their requirements and students will be able to access available data from anywhere. University administration will also be able to upload news, results, and other related information using this software.There are various benefits in the application of the e-learning software in Pakistani universities. These include increase in availability of information, quick feedback, and better communication.The Moodle e-learning system provides users with an online platform for communication and sharing of content, information, and news.Communication is the basic function of the Moodle e-learning software. Professors can post any course-related announcement for students. Students can chat with other students in real time. Discussion threads can be created. Students and teachers can participate in the discussion. Content is the second core function of the sof tware Teachers can post lectures, articles, assignments and other related information. Teaching calendar of the year can be included. Teachers can post quizzes and exams and allow students to access them via the internet. Students can submit their assignments online. Business Model A business model serves as a guide to help businesses create, deliver, capture and exchange value (Trott, 2005). There are main four components of a business model.Source Trott, 2005Core StrategyCore strategy is the first component of business model. It describes how a firm competes with its competitors. The core strategy involves customizing the software according to the needs of the organization and to set an optimum cost. Initially, we are targeting one university only, which is the Bahira University Islamabad. Other education institutions will be approached later on.Mission StatementOur mission is to provide excellent technology services to universities in Pakistan at the best cost.Product ScopeThe e- learning software will be developed by focusing on the needs and requirements of the clients. E-learning software is popularly used in UK schools. Teachers and students have given positive feedback on the use of e-learning software. We are expecting the same positive response from Pakistans education sector.Our focus is to develop the software base on some key points. Ease of use is one of the main objectives of the e-learning software. The product is new so we will ensure that it is easy to use and manage so that our clients will not have difficulty in using it. We will also ensure administrative flexibility so that they can manage it according to their needs. Our aim is to provide maximum value and optimize institutional investments to help them reduce their overhead costs and manage their finances better. We will also develop the software so that it is easily upgraded in the future should the client require changes.Basis for DifferentiationThere is currently no e-learning softwa re in Pakistan, which is customized for the education sector and has excellent communication and content features. Most universities in Pakistan are using their websites for announcement and other news but they do not have a comprehensive software similar to Moodle. Our core differentiation is that we offer a customizable, flexible and easy to use software for the education sector.Strategic ResourcesFor the development of this software, we will hire the best software developer form Pakistan. The reasons for hiring the software developer from Pakistan are lower labor costs and familiarity with Pakistans education sector. This will help us to minimize our costs and be more efficient in our product development. Our strategic asset is our developers and our business plans.Technology Strategy The technology strategy is part the boilers suit corporate strategy takes into consideration the components of the core strategy. In pharmaceutical firms and high tech equipment manufacturers, it i s common for the technology strategy to be related to the corporate strategy. This concerns the management and use of technology for further expansion and development (Burgelman & Doz, 2001). Our core strategy is to focus on innovation and excellent services for our clients. Our goal is also to var. reliable and flexible software that is cost effective and sustainable.The product we offer is based on Moodle. Although Moodle is already available in the market, we will develop a new e-learning software based on the Moodle framework. This new e-learning software will be customized to suit Pakistans education sector. Our basic strategy is to understand the clients requirements and create products that will address all their needs.The service strategy provides guidance on how to protrude, develop, and implement our service management plans. We will provide not only the software to our clients, but also services such as installation, customization, and post-sales support. We will also p rovide trainings to teachers and administrative staff on how to upload data and use communication tools. Trainings will also be provided for university students who will be using the e-learning software. Financial Strategy The financial strategy is an important component of any business plan. Initially, we are going to finance our business using our personal savings and from investments of our family and friends. Our initial capital investment is ?3,000 to ?5,000. For future expansion plans, we will impart from a bank or other financial institutions.Partnership Networks We are going to start with one project, through the help of a partnership with a small software firm. This will help to minimize our development costs. The partnership contract will be based on profit sharing. The reason for ledger entry into a partnership is to allow us to offer our products to other universities in the future.It is my responsibility to secure the contract from the university. It is my task to fin d out the requirements and needs of the university and to carry on with them in terms of cost and other pertinent issues.Customer Interface Our target market is the Pakistani education sector. The main reason for targeting this market is the lack of educational software in Pakistan. Initially our target is one university, which will be Bahria University Islamabad. The motive for choosing this organization is the fact that some of our colleagues have studied there and are very familiar with the university.According to students of Bahria University, the administrative system that their university is currently using is not user friendly compared to other well-known universities in the Pakistan. As such, it will be a great idea to offer the new e-learning software to this university. To get the contract for developing this service, we will talk to the universitys management team. We will present them our products features and offer our services to them.Pricing Model We are new in the m arket and we want to compete with existing players. Our main focus is to attract a lot of customers and this can be achieved by making our products affordable. We are applying a cost leadership strategy. We will offer the best products at low cost to persuade customers to avail of our products. This is an ideal market entry strategy.maximum customers and for this out for going for cost leadership strategy. We will offer best low cost to facilitate our clients and make them comfortable to deal with us. Initially our motive is to adjust our self on low profit and gain market share.Conclusions Success of an organization depends on leaning, innovation, and constant change in a systematic and scientific way. Every organization will constantly have to acquire new knowledge to remain competitive. Change and uncertainty is managed by having a plan for the future. With a business plan, uncertainty ceases to be a threat and becomes an opportunity. Different models must be used to avoid uncer tainty and risk. In entering a new market, we will use a business model to avoid uncertainty and carry out the innovation process in a manageable way.Being management student, we admire the importance of lit on technology management and new product innovation. On the basis of that literature and examples, we can conclude that if we ignore all those theories and models, product innovation will not be achieved. Our plan is based on the review of relevant literature and carried out through a business model.References Burgelman, R.A. and Doz, Y.L. (2001). The Power of Strategic Integration. MIT Sloan Management Review, 42(3), pp. 28-38.Cetindamar, D., Phaal,R. & Probert, D (2009). Understanding technology management as a dynamic capability A framework for technology management activities. Technovation, 29(4), pp.237-246Christoph Zott, Raphael Amit and Lorenzo Massa, Journal of Management published. Vol No. X online 2 May 2011Pilkington, A. (2008 ). Engineering management or management of technologyA bibliometric study of IEEE TEM. internationalistic Journal of Management Science and Engineering Management. 3(1) pp. 63-70.Herrington, J., and Oliver, R. (2000). An instructional design framework for authentic learning environments. Educational Technology Research and Development, 48(3), 23-48.HEC, (2012) Higher Education Commission of Pakistan. Available at http//hec.gov.pk/Pages/HECMain.aspx.Jaldemark, J., Lindberg, J. O., & Olofsson, A. D. (2005). Sharing the distance or a distance shared Social and individual aspects of participation in ICT-supported distance-based teacher education. Challenging prospects. p. 142160.Jack Kenny, (2008) Moodle takes lead in secondary, The Guardian Available at http//www.guardian.co.uk/education/2007/sep/18/link.link (Accessed 30 March 2013).Khalil, T. M. (2000). Management of Technology The Key to Competitiveness and Wealth Creation. Boston 18th Edition, McGraw-Hill.Liu, J.J., Qian, J.Y. & Chen,J. (2006). Technological learning an d firm level technological capability building analytical framework and evidence from Chinese manufacturing firms. International Journal of Technology Management, vol.36, pp. 190-208, 2006.Levin, D.Z., & Barnard, H. (2008). Technology management routines that matter technology managers. International Journal of Technology Management, 41(1-2), pp.228-237.Mortar, L., Kerr, C. I. V., Phaal, R. & Probert, D.R. (2009). A toolbox of elements to build technology intelligence systems. International Journal of Technology Management, 47(4), pp. 322-345.NEFFICS, (2010 /11). Business Models and Business Model. Innovation in a Secure and Distributed Cloud Clustering (DISC) Society. p.58(1) , pp. 159-167.Pearson, A. (1991). Managing innovation an uncertainty reduction process. in Henry, J. and Walker, D. (eds) Managing Innovation, Sage/Oxford University Press London. p.1827.Pilkington, A. & Teichert, T. (2006). Management of Technology Themes, Concepts and Relationships. Technovation. 26(3), p p. 288-299.Trott, P. (2005). Innovation Management and New Product Development. 3rd Edition. Prentice Hall.Tidd, J., Bessant, J. and Pavitt, K. (2005). Managing Innovation. Integrating Technological, Market and Organizational Change. John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Islam and Confucianism

During the post-classical period, the Islamic and Confucianist world religions?were based upon the principles of spiritual and intellectual growth. Both valued intelligence and knowledge, and strongly support rearing, yet each religion viewed the world and its inhabitants from unalike vantage points. In Islam, life was a series of tests which determined a persons superlative in the afterlife.Though not especially rigorous, these tests?focus peoples lifestyles on ways to better their eternal futures. Islam molded people into charitable, honest, and true Muslims who worked to library paste their faith. Confucianism saw the world in a more immediate sense, and felt that it needed to be controlled by straitlacedly trained men. Confucianism pushed for social gain, personal happiness, and proper gentlemanly?composure.An Islamic education was available to any proficient Muslim, rich and poor alike, although the wealthy were educated more often, due to fewer time constraints. It was a rarity to see a Muslim woman educated in the same manner as men, however, since Muslim society was strongly patriarchal, and Men ar the managers of the affairs of women? (p. 105, The Koran and Family).A Confucian education, in contrast, was quite esoteric. Those in the wealthy classes, primarily the aristocracy, were educated, and although it was possible for a lower class citizen to receive an education, it was a rarity, occurring only if said citizen was very wealthy. The Confucian focus on creating a classic Gentleman?centered the education on men, and not women. Confucianism was primarily an ethical systemConfucious largely recommended obedience and respect people should know their place? (World History, p. 46).Confucianism strove to create an educated man a ruler, not a peasant. It taught art and literature, nature and proper handling of women, and diplomacy. It stressed composure and proper social skills, with specifics on how to dress and how to act at public gatherings be ing of the utmost importance. Mannerisms were not the unanimous of the social education, however. Training the Aristocracy, Confucianism taught ruling, government, law, crime and punishment. A Confucian Gentleman knew how to act properly and rule accordingly in any situation that might gratuity itself.Islams Five Pillars, testifying that there is no deity save Allah and that Mohammed is his apostle, on performing prayer, on paying legal alms, on the pilgrimage to Mecca, and on the debauched of Ramadn.?(document 18, p. 108) strongly focused the Islamic education on religion and philanthropy. An educated Muslim had intricate knowledge of Islam, the Hadith, and the Koran. Generosity was important in Islam, and a good Muslim gave Alms. Islam did not focus on making an Aristocrat, but rather a philanthropist who would spread the religion.Islam taught the knowledge of travel, pile and bartering as well. Muslim society, was advance in these areas, and viewed merchants as very powerful and important men. Subsequently trade and bartering were highly valued skills which need to be learned. scientific knowledge was also important. Muslim science was based on Greek and Hellenistic technology and philosophy, thus their scientific education focused on rationalistic generalizations, theories and hypotheses. Confucian teaching frowned upon trade and bartering, as Merchants were tolerated, but not respected by the upper classes. Confucian scientific teaching was directed towards specific developments and advancements, generalities were not as important.The Confucian inadequacy of religious teaching was diametrically opposed to the Islamic educations strong religious focus, and Confucianism taught artistic merit more where Islam taught more trade skills. Scientific advances were important to each. Specific social customs were taught by both, although Islam leaned towards helping the lower classes through charity, and Confucianism leaned towards helping the lower classes t hrough proper rule. Obviously, a Confucian education and an Islamic education both focused on teaching men to better themselves, but their different approaches to the same matter yielded two strikingly different educated persons.

Prelude to Programming

As you took your commencement step you had to figure out how to bring about the following process Put maven fundament in front of the other At some point you did simply that, and it was a major accomplishment. precisely this didnt get you very far. If you wanted to walk across the room, you needed to ext barricade this process to the following put the left foot in front of the dependable foot Put the right foot in front of the left foot Put the left foot in front of the right foot Put the right foot in front of the left foot and so forth This is not a very efficient way to take in what you did.A detailed proclivity of your actions as you ambled either over the ho ingestion would be very long. Because you did the akin thing over and over, the following is a much better way to describe your actions Repeat Put the right foot in front of the left foot until you get across the room This way is short, convenient, and just as descriptive. Even if you want to take hundreds or t housands of steps, the process can still be described in four take ins. This is the basic idea finish up curl. Walking is just one of many a(prenominal) examples of circles in your daily life.For example, if you have a large family and need to prepare lunches in the morning for everyone, you can do the following Make a sandwich Wrap the sandwich Place the sandwich in a lunch bag place an apple in the lunch bag Place a drink in the lunch bag Continue until lunches have been made for everyone in the family Where else do you encounter a circleing process? How about eating a sandwich (one bite at a time) or brushing your teeth? If you have a curriculumming severalize on Tuesdays at 1 1100 a. M. , you go to class every Tuesday at 1 1 a. M. Until the end of the semester.You do the go to programming class loop until a certain day. After you read this chapter (one word at a time), youll be ready to place loops in your programs as well. 4. 1 An ingress to Repetition Structures Comp uters Never Get Bored 165 4. 1 An Introduction to Repetition Structures Computers Never Get Bored You have already learned that all computer programs are created from three basic constructs sequence, decision, and repeating. This chapter discusses repetition, which in many ways is the most principal(prenominal) construct of all. We are lucky that computers dont find repetitious capers boring.Regardless of what task we ask a computer to perform, the computer is virtually useless if it can perform that task only once. The ability to repeat the same actions over and over is the most basic requirement in programming. When you use any software application, you expect to be able to open the application and do certain tasks. conjecture if your word processor Was programmed to make your text bold only once or if your operating system allowed you to use the copy command only once. to each one computer task you perform has been coded into the software by a programmer and each task must h ave the ability to be used over and over.In this chapter, we will examine how to program a computer to repeat one or more actions many times. Pop Basics All programming languages offer up statements to create a loop. The loop is the basic component of the repetition structure. These statements are a block of code, which under certain conditions, will be executed repeatedly. In this section, we will introduce some basic ideas about these structures. We will start with a simple illustration of a loop shown in Example 4. 1 . This example uses a type of loop called a Repeat Until loop. Other types of loops are discussed throughout the chapter. Example 4.Simply Writing Numbers This program segment repeatedly inputs a bod from the drug exploiter and shows that number until the user enters O. The program then displays the words lean Ended. 2 3 5 6 7 support Number As Integer Write please enter a number Input Number Write Number Until Number Write List Ended In the pseudopodia, t he loop begins on line 2 with the word Repeat and ends on line 6 with Until Number O. The loop body is contained in lines 3, 4, and 5. These are the statements that will be executed repeatedly. The body of a loop is executed until the ravel condition following the word Until on line 6 becomes true.In this case, the test condition becomes true when the user types a O. At that point, the loop is exited and the statement on line 7 is executed. 1 66 What Happened? Lets trace the motion of this program, assuming that the user enters the numbers 1, 3, and O, in that order When execution begins the loop is entered, the number 1 is input, and this number is displayed. These actions make up the first fling through the loop. The test condition, Number = O? is now tested on line 6 and found to be false because at this point, Number =-? Therefore, the loop is entered again.The program execution returns to line 2 ND the body of the loop is executed again. (Recall that the double equals sign , -?2, is a comparison slattern and asks the question, Is the value of the variable Number the same as O? ) On the second pass through the loop, the number 3 is input (line 4) and displayed (line 5), and once again the condition (line 6), Number = = O is false. So the program returns to line 2. On the thirdly pass through the loop, the number O is input and displayed. This time the condition Number == O is true, so the loop is exited and execution transfers to line 7, the statement after the loop.The words List Ended are displayed and the program is complete. Iterations We have said that the loop is the basic component of the repetition structure. One of the main reasons a computer can perform many tasks efficiently is because it can quickly repeat tasks over and over. The number of times a task is repeated is always a significant part of any repetition structure, but a programmer must be aware of how many times a loop will be repeated to ensure that the loop performs the task cor rectly. In computer lingo a single pass through a loop is called a loop iteration.A loop that executes three times goes through three iterations. Example 4. 2 presents the iteration process. Example 4. 2 How Many Iterations? This program segment repeatedly asks the user to input a name until the user enters Done. Declare Name As String Write present the name Of your chum salmon or sister Input Name Write Name until Name Done and Elizabeth Drake. Published by Addison-Wesley. Copyright C 2011 by This pseudopodia is almost the same as shown in Example 4. 1 except that the input in this example is string data instead Of integer data.The loop begins on line 2 with the word Repeat and ends on line 6 with until Name Done. The loop body is contained in lines 3, 4, and 5. How are the iterations counted? severally time these statements are executed, the loop is said to have gone through one iteration. 167 Lets assume this program segment is used to enter a list of a users brothers and si sters. If Hector has two brothers named Joe and Jim and one sister named Ellen, the loop would complete four iterations. Joe would be entered on the first iteration, Jim on the next iteration, Ellen on the third iteration, and the word Done would be entered on the fourth iteration.If Marie, on the other hand, had only one sister named Anne, the program would go through two iterations-?one to enter the name Anne and one to enter the word Done. And if Bobby were an only child, the program would only complete one iteration since Bobby would enter Done on the first iteration. Later in this chapter, We will see how to create a loop that does not require that the test condition count as one of the iterations. watch out of the Infinite loop In Example 4. 1 , we saw that the user was prompted to enter any number and that number would be displayed on the screen.Fifth user started with the number 234789 and worked his way down, entente 234,788, then 234,787, and so forth, the computer would display 234,790 numbers (including the O that terminates the loop). However, after the user entered the last number, O, the loop would end. It would be a hook of numbers, but it would end. On the other hand, what would happen if the loop was written as shown in Example 4. 3? Example 4. 3 The Dangerous Infinite Loop In this example, we change the test condition of Example 4. 1 to a condition that is impossible to achieve. The user is asked to enter a number on line 2 and line 3 takes in the users input.Line 4 sets a new variable, Computerized equal to that number plus one. The loop will continue to ask for and display numbers until the value of Number is greater than Computerized. That condition will never be met because on each pass through the loop, regardless of what number the user enters, Computerized will always be one greater. Thus, the loop will repeat and repeat, continually asking for and displaying numbers. 8 Declare Number, Computerized As Integer Write Please enter a n umber Computerized = Number + 1 Until Number Computerized Write The End When will it end?Never. The words The End will never be displayed. If, as shown in Example 4. 3, a loops test condition is never satisfied, then the loop will never be exited and it will become an place loop. Infinite loops can reek and Elizabeth Drake. Published by Addison-Wesley. Copyright 2011 by 168 havoc on a program, so when you set up a loop and put in a test condition, be sure that the test condition can be met. Computers dont mind doing a task many times, but forever is simply too many Dont Let the User Get Trapped in a Loop There is one more important point to mention about Examples 4. And 4. 2. In both of these examples, we have test conditions that can easily be met. As soon as a user enters O for the number in Example 4. 1, the loop ends. As soon as the user enters the word Done in Example 4. 2, the loop ends. further owe would the user know that O or Done is the cue for the program segment to end? It is important for the programmer to make it clear, by factor of a suitable prompt, how the user will terminate the action of the loop. In Example 4. 1, the following would be a suitable prompt Write infix a number enter O to quit. In Example 4. 2, the following would be a suitable prompt Write Enter the name of your brother or sister Write Enter the word Done to quit. In the type of loops we used in these two examples, the loop continues until the user ends it. Other loops end without user input. Regardless of what type f loop you write, you always want to avoid the possibility that the loop will continue without end. Therefore, you must ensure that the test condition can be met and, if the user must enter something special to end the loop, be sure its clear.Relational and Logical Operators The condition that determines whether a loop is reentered or exited is usually constructed with the help Of relational and logical operators. We will briefly review these operators here . The following are the six standard relational operators and the programming symbols we will use in this book to represent them equal to (or is the same as) to equal to less than greater than or equal to = prelude to Programming Concepts and Design, Fifth Edition, by Stewart Event All six operators can be applied to either numeric or character string data.Note that the double equals sign, the comparison operator (==) is distinct from the assignment operator While the assignment operator assigns the value on the right side of the equals sign to the variable on the left side, the comparison operator compares the values of the variable or expression on the left side of the operator to the value of the variable, expression, number, r text on the right side. It returns only a value of false (if the two values are different) or true (if the two values are the same).

Psychology and Stress Essay

In our world today there are factors that make our life a little much difficult. We all go through these frustrations every day and some more than other(a) are appropriateed by them. These factors come in many disparate forms, yet they all lay under one category, it is called vehemence. line can impact a soul physically, emotionally and, may be reasonable for massess actions out of the norm. Setting up a melodic line management plan is a well be seduced way to find out how to overcome this line of work in our everyday lives. Stress can be addressed through finding out what type of stress it is, how it impacts our bodies, and how to deal with stress. First of all stress can be managed just by finding out what type of stress is the vex. Stress causes our bodies to react to issue that can be good or bad. According to Melinda Smith, M.A., Robert Segal, M.A., and Jeanne Segal, Ph.D. authors of the article on Understanding Stress, explains the course our bodies take during st ress.Our bodies can kick into super hero mode and take us out of endangerment this is called fight or flight. Our bodies own defenses want to save our lives by confronting the problem or getting away. This can further choke on to cause conflict in our lives. One type of stress that causes this is Acute Stress. This type of stress is cause by a full force event. This can lead to after-effects reoccurring for one month. A study was conducted by the Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, Peoples Republic of China, with this study consisted of analyzing astute stress. The researchers took people with acute accent stress and tested patients on different levels of symptoms. The study came up with a scale six dimensions and symptoms a person my experience. The results were helpful to better assist the power point of stress a person has. Also they connected how acute stress could lead to Post Traumatic Syndrome. Its very important to find good consisting research to be able to find the proper treatment for each person.The next step to manage stress is the impact it has on a person. How could this affect a persons wellness in a positive or a negative way. An example of acute stress is a person who has experienced an earthquake afterwards has nightmares of being in the situation again. Their body is responding to emotional impact this event had on them. If we were to go back into the moment the event happened, we would be able to see how stress got this person to react and out of the situation to save their life. People go through a moments of being unbeatable like the hulk. The body gives a person strength and increase other senses to escape. Thats a good way our body response in a time of need. After the fact is when problems start, that can change a persons life. If this problem is not addressed lead to psychological and mental issues. Stress can start with symptoms of cognitive, emotional, physical, and behavioral (Smith, Segal, Segal). This is why people h ave different behaviors out of the ordinary. Also how important it is to know how much is too much stress (Smith, Segal, Segal).Letting a person get this far can lead to health problems such as high blood pressure, depression and many other issues. Lastly finding steps to manage stress is the key. Finding a good plan that works for each person is a must. For example if a person gets stuck at the end of the line at the store and is late for work can be frustrating. People have to learn see the stressors and babble their way out of it. Tell them selfs its ok, review the situation and come to decision. At the end youre the one who gets mad and then have to get happy again. So if a person starts from the beginning theres so much that could be avoided. Another example is the people that were in 911 that had acute stress. This event was affecting many in different forms. Seeking treatment with a psychologist would help with the ordeal.Discussing the feelings behind the event helped many overcome their acute stress. In addition a good way to overcome stress comes from the article of Stress Management Health Center. The article notes how relax a person mind by writing, show a persons emotions, and getting busy by destructions. This type of mental health treatment focuses on live the tension one carries. Taking walks, keeping an exercise plan to help focus the energy in another direction, these goals are good to maintain health balanced. A person may also due mediation to easy be the body and relax the mind. They can slowly start to change their scene on life in more positive way.This can help with so much stress one deal with on a day-to-day bases. In conclusion stress can be managed by taking control over lives by finding out what type of stress a person has, how it affects a person, and by learning to deal with it. Learning what stress is and its affects a persons life is very important to improving oneself. Its also a way to target the factors that are negative and replaces them with positive ones. Working ones health one step at a time can avoid stress that affects people every day. Also learning to relax and taking the time for one self, makes life easier on the soul. If we permit stress take ownership we will never overcome it.ReferencesYEBING, Y., JINGJING, T., YUAN, J., XUFENG, L., YUNFENG, S., XIA, Z., & DANMIN, M. (2011). DEVELOPMENT OF THE ACUTE STRESS RESPONSE SCALE. Social Behavior & Personality An International Journal, 39(5), 713-720. inside10.2224/sbp.2011.39.5.713 Smith, Melinda, Robert Segal, and Jeanne Segal. Understanding Stress Symptoms, Signs, Causes, and Effects. Helpguide.org Expert, Ad-free Articles Help Empower You with Knowledge, Support & Hope. Web. 07 Oct. 2011. . Stuff. Techniques, Exercises and Therapies for Relieving Stress. WebMD Better Information. Better Health. Healthwise, 14 Oct. 2009. Web. 07 Oct. 2011. .

What Considerations Are Relevant?

Business Ethics Midterm Essays 10/23/2012 What considerations are relevant when we assign bear down for injurious acts? What is the distinction between excusing conditions and mitigating circumstances? Some say that virtuous responsibility is directed towards doing what is right and what is impose on _or_ oppress. Well that is not necessarily the case moral responsibility can also be aimed at at determining whether a person is morally responsible for doing something morally injure. This is sack outn as blame. pat and moral responsibility can be used interchangeably.If someone is to be blamed for a wrong doing than that person is also held morally responsible for that wrong doing. Not all people are responsible for their wrongful or injurious acts. Injurious acts are harmful acts that one freely and knowingly intends to do. battalion have to consider the circumstances under which the person was morally right or morally wrong for their actions. Excusing conditions are condition s under which a person causes an flaw on accident and is excused from blame and should not be held morally responsible. There are 3 considerations under which a person is not held morally responsible for an injury or a wrong.One is not held responsible if one did not cause or could not prevent the injury, one did not know he was inflicting injury, and if one did not inflict the injury out of his own free will. When a person is morally responsible for an act of injury or wrong doing there are also 3 things to consider. A person is held responsible if one caused or helped cause it, or failed to prevent it, one did so knowing what he or she was doing and if one did so out of his out free will. Excusing is when a persons moral responsibility is excused by the absence of causality, knowledge and freedom.Mitigating factors can diminish a persons moral responsibly but it depends on how severe the injury or wrong is. In addition to the excusing conditions, there are also 3 mitigating fac tions that can lessen moral responsibility. One circumstance leaves a person uncertain close what he or shit is doing. Another makes it difficult, but not impossible for the person to avoid doing it. The third circumstance minimizes a persons interest group in an act. In general, the more serious the injury is, the less the mitigating circumstances will diminish responsibility.

Community Work Service for Adult Offenders

The focus is on union fail proceeds as an alternative sentencing. confederation hold up service any(a)ows the offender to contribute to the community. This type of work can be considered a win-win situation, because the offenders provide the service and the community benefits from their work. There argon all kinds of work activities for offenders. The points that argon going to be addressed are community work service, probation officers, taxpayers, overcrowding and the benefits each party gains. It can be concluded that community work service is here to stay.Hence, it can be seen as a second chance to repair the damage done by making right disclose of wrong. Community service is when someone performs an action which benefits his or her community. However, community work service can be a form of alternative sentencing. The offender is tenacious by a court or probation officer to perform community work service as part of a sanction. Through community service, offenders are offe red the chance to give back to the community by providing a service that enriches the lives of others.The offenders are placed into unpaid community service positions with non-profit or tax support community agencies (Cook county, 2006). The probation officer carefully monitors the offenders progress by checking with the office, ensuring that the offenders is regularly reporting to complete the hours, as well as monitoring the offenders office and quality of work. The probation officer is also responsible for reporting any negative incidents to the court in an effort the hold the offender accountable. Community service is a form of restorative justice, which involves victim, offender, and community.Criminal justice is asset of institutions and procedures for determining which mint deserve to be sanctioned because of their wrongdoing and what kind of sanctions they deserve to receive (Clear, 2003). Community work service allows sentences to more closely fit the circumstances of ce rtain offences, and ensures that adult offenders are held accountable to the community for their actions. Hence, alternative sentencing is, applied to offenders whose absence of former criminal history or general characteristics indicates that they can be trusted not to abuse their greater freedom.Community work service is punishment that takes external an offenders time and energy (Schmalleger, 2009). Restorative justice is the concept that any crime, regardless of size or severity, hurts the community. Instead of merely paying a fine or spending time in jail, the offender is able to repair some of the damage done by participating in community service. There is a need to understand who or what is being restored, including the core values of healing, moral learning, community participation, community caring, respectful dialogue, forgiveness, responsibility, apology, and making amends (Sieh, 2006).The work assignment gives some(prenominal) the community and workers a chance to ben efit from the experience. All offenders participating in the program are supervised by personnel at the sponsoring agency and by probation officers. within the community justice frame work, the need to establish enduring partnerships with citizenry, other agencies, and local interest groups is critical to the success of probation (Sieh, 2006). There are all kinds of work activities for offenders.Examples of work placements include * Agencies offering services to senior citizens or the handicapped * Hospitals * Highway cleanup Parks maintenance * Skilled labor (carpentry) * adorn * Painting During probation, offenders must stay out of trouble and have various other requirements. Probation officers, who are called community supervising officers in some States, supervise people who have been placed on probation. Probation officers supervise offenders on probation or parole through personal contact with the offenders and their families (Schmalleger, 2009). Instead of requiring offend ers to meet officers in their offices, many officers meet offenders in their homes and at their places of employment or therapy.Some offenders are required to wear an electronic device so that probation officers can monitor their location and movements. Probation supervision has three main elements resource mediation, surveillance, and enforcement (Schmalleger, 2009). Probation officers may arrange for offenders to get substance abuse rehabilitation or job training. Probation officers usually work with either adults or juveniles exclusively. Only in small, usually rural, jurisdictions do probation officers counsel both adults and juveniles.Probation officers must be ware that they will not always be effective in helping probationers, making it necessary to find outside resources for the probationer to succeed (Sieh, 2006). Probation officers also spend much of their time working for the courts. They investigate the backgrounds of the accused, write presentence reports, and root on sentences. They review sentencing recommendations with offenders and their families before submitting them to the court. Probation officers may be required to testify in court as to their findings and recommendations.They also attend hearings to update the court on offenders efforts at rehabilitation and compliance with the terms of their sentences. The number of cases a probation officer or correctional treatment specialist handles at one time depends on the ineluctably of offenders and the risks they pose. Higher risk offenders and those who need more counseling usually command more of the officers time and resources. Caseload size also varies by agency jurisdiction. Consequently, officers may handle from 20 to more than 100 active cases at a time (Sieh, 2006). Probationers perceive probation officers as agents who will assist them, while, judges are viewed as agents whose main purpose is to punish offenders for wrongdoing (Sieh, 2006).When an offender is placed on community supe rvision by the court, he/she signs a contract whereby he/she agrees to abide by certain conditions. These conditions usually include * Report to the probation officer * Do not commit any new crime * Do not use alcohol and / or drugs or enter bars * Do not leave the County or State * Perform community work service Pay restitution, fine, court fees and probation fees if ordered * Permit the supervisor to visit him/her at the home or elsewhere By having the offender do community work service the offender will realize that not only do most crimes have a direct victim, but, the community is a victim as well. Having an offender provide services to the community rather than going to jail is beneficial to the tax payers.The tax payers dont have to worry virtually another person going to prison where it might be overcrowded. Because overcrowded prisons have been a major problem in our society. In 2006, 8 of the nations 25 largest jails were operating at over 100 percent of their rated capac ity (Schmalleger, 2009). Having community work service as an alternative helps ease things down surrounded by the taxpayers and the justice system when it comes to the question, who has to pay to keep the offender in prison. Overcrowding puts prisoners at significant risk. People living in crowded conditions are more credibly to get sick, stay sick, and pass diseases on to others. They are more credibly to experience mental health problems, particularly stress-related mental illnesses.They are more likely to develop aggression and frustration. (Schmalleger, 2009). Being forced into crowded conditions with other prisoners results in riots, abuse, and assault. The prison system struggles to keep up with disciplinary problems when it has minimal staff and out-of-date facilities. This often results in brutal abuse at the hands of guards and other prison personnel. Overcrowding also limits access to resources. This includes health care for prisoners.Prisoners have died due to want o f health access because a nurse or doctor is not available and its considered unsafe to transfer a prisoner for medical care. Considering that pass judgment of hepatitis, HIV, and numerous other chronic conditions are high in prisons, lack of access to routine health care is a serious issue Schmalleger, 2009). wishing of access to medications or irregular access to medications puts prisoners with chronic illnesses at extreme risk. If extreme enough, overcrowding can lead to a court order that necessitates early work of certain prisoners in order to bring jails into compliance with the Constitution (Schmalleger, 2009).

“Freakonomics” by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner Essay

Freakonomics, by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner, is book that not your typical economist would write it was co-authored in 2005 and if holiness represents how we would like the world to work, indeed stintings represent how it actually does work in this award-winning book. Steven D. Levitt is a not your typical economist. He is a much-heralded assimilator who studies the riddles of everyday life- from cheating and crime to sports and child rearing and whose conclusions turn the conventional wisdom on its head (freakonomics.com). Stephen J. Dubner is an award-winning author and journalist (freakonomics.com). These two authors police squad up to create a very insightful groundbreaking collaboration.They set out to to explore the inner workings of a tick off gang, the truth most real estate agents, the secrets of the Ku Klux Klan, and much more. Through much story telling and insightful knowledge, they show that economics is at the root, the study of incentives (freakonomic s.com). There is not unitary inherent theme the book, Freakonomics, is built around, just there ar many reoccurring themes end-to-end. The three major(ip) themes that I found occur passim the book be positive vs. normative analytic thinking, incentives are the cornerst mavin of modern life, and the idea of tournament appearance marts, winner take all.Freakonomics is a brilliant, provocative investigation into motives what are they, how they can be changed, and how they affect what people do. It is also a deceptively easy read its style is very humorous and really grips the reader finishedout the book. Freakonomics tackles some of our most canonical assumptions about the way people, and society, work. I believe that Freakonomics demonstrates the basic economic regulations. I will defend this argument through the underlying themes of Freakonomics.Positive vs. normative analysis is matchless of the many underlying themes of Freakonomics. The conclusions derived from each chapter will often surprise the reader. These conclusions may also not agree with your in the flesh(predicate) beliefs, but that is the basis of positive vs. normative analysis. Positive economics is objective and fact bases, while normative economics is subjective andvalue based. Positive economic analysis statements do not always have to be true, but in order to be considered a positive analysis you must be able to test and prove or disprove the statement. Normative analyses are opinion based, so they cannot be proved or disproved. This basic economic principle is not always easy to understand because the consumer is usually very value based. Public policies are typically revolved around normative economic statements convey the disagreements carry on because neither side can prove that is correct or incorrect.There are many examples of positive vs. normative analysis throughout Freakonomics, in chapter four, on crime and abortion, the authors brought forth the issue of how crime rates relate to abortion and backed it up with the statistical information. This is an example of positive analysis because the statistical information supports the issue being argued. Normative analysis of the issue between crime and abortion would be that they are not cor link to one another because it pledges the fidelity to notions of the way the world should be. besides, in chapter five, the coauthors believe that a childs academic success does not come from parental efforts and they explained this through the data presented in the book. One would think a parental figure would help a childs development in the classroom, but in reality its other external factors that does. This clearly illustrates the difference between an analytical approach that considers the world, as it is (positive analysis) and an analytical approach that is based on how the world should be (normative analysis).Incentives are the cornerstone for modern life, people respond to incentives. An understanding of incentives is the key to clearly understanding any human behavior. Incentives are a thing that motivates or encourages one to do something. Incentives are everywhere in the world especially in economics. Corporations are often given tax incentives for hiring more employees. Incentives are a payment or concession to stimulate greater output or investment. In Freakonomics, Levitt and Dubner believe incentives equivalent to the study of economics. In chapter one, Dubner and Levitt exclaim that incentives come in three varieties moral incentives, social incentives, and economic incentives. Moral incentives are which one acts out of conscience or conviction. Social incentives are by which actionsare related to shame or glory.Economic incentives are causing people to act in their own personal financial interest. In chapter one, we saw the example of a day care center in Haifa, Israel, in which a fine was levied for parents plectron up their child late from day care. Once the fine was implemented, we started sightedness parents showing up late because it allowed more personal free succession. Once this economic incentive was levied parents found that the free time outweighed the economic incentive. Parents were only picking up their child on time because there was somewhat of an incentive socially and morally. They morally or socially believed they had to pick up their child on time, but now that an economic incentive was implemented they did not feel morally responsible to be on time and just paid the fine. Also in chapter one, we saw the incentive for teachers and their students to do well on standardized testing for more school funding or even to keep their job, so teachers act out irrationally and help students cheat on standardizing testing.Incentives are found in everyday life they are in every built in bed depending on ones personal beliefs, which also can relate back to normative vs. positive analysis. In chapter two, real estate agents dont have moral incentive to get the best price for their customers house being sold. Getting the optimal price on a house and time consuming. Since real estate agents make 3 to 6% commission on houses they have little incentive to put more work in then needed for a small amount of money more. They feel their time is more valuable then putting forth more effort in selling a house knowing they can sell it faster at a cheaper price. There are many examples throughout the book of incentives, but the one I found most interesting was the issue of drug dealers still living at home in chapter three.Levitt and Dubner use dealing crack cocaine as an example of an incentive to better yourself and make money through harsh working environments, but it is also an example of a basic economic principle called tournament type markets. They strategically use the example of dealing crack cocaine as a tournament type market by convincing the reader this is a winner take all field of work. Street-level drug salesman usually are motivated by the idea of acquiring promoted in the drug business, so they ultimately try to maximize the gangs profits.Higher ranker officials however are more interested in qualification money since they are already in a position of high status. Overall in this market there are many p moveers, butone by one they are eliminated. At the end, a victor emerges and takes home the prize or money. As stated in the book, the top 120 managers in the Black disciples gang represented just 2.2 percent of the full-fledged gang membership, but took home well more than half the money. This is a tournament style market because these managers emerged from all the other competitors and are now high ranking, they won the tournament in essence.Overall I believe Freakonomics illustrates basic economic principles. Levitt and Dubner lay out many underlying themes in the book, Freakonomics, but there are many reoccurring themes throughout. The three major themes that I found throughout the bo ok are positive vs. normative analysis, incentives are the cornerstone of modern life, and the idea of tournament style markets, winner take all. These three basic economic principles are just a few of the major themes in the book, but I believe are enough render to convinced the reader that Freakonomics does cover major economic principles and is a book of economics. In all, Freakonomics is a brilliant book that incorporates everyday ideas into economic ones. It truly is a book about economics and the evidence given proves this.Works CitedFreakonomics. Freakonomics RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 June 2014. Levitt, Steven D., and Stephen J. Dubner. Freakonomics A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything. New York William Morrow, 2005. Print.

Phonemic Awareness In A K-3 Balanced Literacy Program

The research is concentrated on the effects of ph hotshotmic aw atomic number 18ness on azoic readers and how it impacts reading fluently. The paper gives a definition of phonemic sensation, and phonics along with two Techniques for assessing phonemic aw are(p)ness. The paper prove the purpose and description of both phonemic awareness and phonics. phonemic Awareness in a K-3 match Literacy Program Language is developed at an early age babies are exposed to words in the wound. They are exposed when the mother or other members of the family talk, sing or read stories to them.Many times babies are familiar with various family members by their voices heard in the wound. There are many factors that occur when children involve to read. Students must have a prior go throughledge of letters and sound mention. Teachers rehearse various strategies and technique to teach children to read. There are two heavy strategies that teachers use for success. The strategies are phonemic aware ness and phonics. Phonemic awareness relates to the individual sounds of spoken language. One of the most widely used strategies is teaching students phonemic awareness.Phonemic awareness is the understanding of rule books which are made up of sounds that basin be assembled in different ship natesal to make different sounds. Phonics is a series of rules that children have to memorize and apply when they are sounding bring out unfamiliar words. . This method is successful but students must claim letter sounds to an automatic level by recognizing a letter and saying the sound. Phonics shows how sounds (phonemes) and letters (graphemes) work together. Phonemic awareness and phonics both are important strategies to teach children to read.Phonemic awareness and phonics give birth for bewilderner and early readers. The phonemic awareness and Phonics strategies have similar as well as different benefits for students and teachers. (Walsh, Oct 2009) Phonemic awareness is part of phono logical awareness, which is part of met linguistic awareness.. Phonemic awareness includes segmenting spoken Phonemic awareness is the ability to detect each phoneme which is smallest unit of spoken communication in words into phonemes and liveing phonemes into words. It is a reading skill which is acquired through nursery rhymes and playing sound and word games.(Walsh, Oct 2009)Only through spoken word play and seeing the written code around them do children learn to separate the word from what it refers to and to treat the word itself as a thing to be playfully manipulated in rhyming and early word games. Phonics is a method for teaching students to read and write language. Phonics teaches pupils how to connect the sounds of speech with letters or groups of letters to form words. Phonics teaches students to blend the sounds of letters together to produce words in which are unfamiliar. Phonics is a popular method of teaching students to read and decode words using sounds.Children begin learning to read usually around the age of 5 or 6. Teaching children to read with the use of phonics requires students to learn the lodges between letter patterns and the sounds they represent. Phonics teaching requires the teacher to provide students with a core body of study about phonics rules, or patterns. Along with phonics rules students are taught to memorize high frequency words, much(prenominal) as it, he, them, and when. Phonics is the connection of phonetic awareness in the understanding of sounds that connect to letters. Phonics is a key element of reading.Students enquire to know the relationship between letters and sounds in order to begin to sound out words. Direct phonics steering needs to be one component of a equilibrate literacy program. One scheme for phonics is producing consonant vowel consonant words. (Louis Gates, 2011) For each of the basic vowel words, create two to three models (1) one-syllable CVC wordscat, fat, bat (2) one syllable -VCe w ordssane, pane, vane and (3) one syllable CVVC wordsfail, hail, rail. Create another List of basic one-syllable consonant di/trigraph CCVC lyricchill, chin chip, and CVCC wordscatch, Match, patch.The purpose for Phonemic awareness and phonics in a K-3 balanced literacy program. Phonemic aware purpose in K-3 balanced literacy is teaching beginners to read and pronounce words. Phonics purpose is to learn the phonetic determine of letters, letter groups, and especially. Phonics supports cooperative and integrative learning where students and teacher learn together and carry out tasks collaboratively. In 1984, the National Academy of Education reported the status of research and instructional practices in reading upbringing the report includes the finding that phonics instruction improves childrens ability to identify words.The report concludes that phonics strategies include teaching children the sounds of letters in isolation and in words, and teaching them to blend the sounds of l etters together to produce approximate pronunciations of words. It also states that phonics instruction should occur in conjunction with opportunities to identify words in meaningful sentences and stories. Educators need to assess the progression of students future and present reading skills. The knowledge of a students recognition of letter sounds and the ability to blend begins in the early years of instruct.Students are assessed during their early grades of Elementary school such as kindergarten and first grade. Students are assessed through progress monitoring. Progress monitoring is a strategy that helps educators in determining if the students are making adequate progress or if more intervention strategies are needed achieve grade level reading goals. Phonemic Awareness Assessment can be achieved through formal and informal activities. There are two ways phonemic awareness can be assessed by the teacher through students recognition of rhyming sounds and having the ability bl end phonetically.Recognizing rhyme assessment is done when a student can recognize or identify a rhyming sound which can be obtained receptively or expressively. Children are given an example of a rhyme. The teacher explains that two words will be read such as ham am the student is encouraged to answer if the two words sound alike by answering yes, raise hand, or thumbs up.Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS) is an assessment that is given in the beginning of Kindergarten, early first grade, and if need first through third grades. DIBELS focuses on the development of early skills such asletter naming, phoneme appellative and phoneme segmentation to help teachers in predicting the lack of future skills that lead to developing proficient readers. In oddment the purpose of this research is to talk about the importance of Phonemic awareness and how it supports students in education. (2009) Walsh The main agate line for the importance of phonemic awareness in ea rly literacy is that children who do not have an awareness of the coordinate of language cannot attend to the separate sounds in spoken words and are thus unable to strand phonemic awareness at the beginning of school, when in fact they may not.Phonemic awareness has been used cosmopolitan in assisting with teaching skills. The technique is praised by teachers and Speech language pathologist because it is a technique that can be taught in various ways. The techniques can be taught with materials that are handy in the classroom such as stories, poems, and rhymes. Phonics instruction occurs in conjunction with opportunities to identify words in meaningful sentences and stories.Assessments in phonemic assessment and phonics are to ensure that teachers make educational decisions and improve their instructional decisions. The balanced literacy approach refers to phonological awareness and explicit instruction in alphabetic principle. It relates written and spoken language forms and us es. Phonics teaches decoding, fluency and comprehends. Overall phonics and phonemic awareness focus on the goal of improving language and communication. The approaches support strong reading skills that foster fluency, and strong decoding skills.

Military insurgents

This short summary will be a brief synopsis cover the issues America faces fighting modern insurgents. This paper will be based on Information collect from three videos created by Dry. Martin Catalan. The First being The Iran Threat. This chatter give Its listeners a glimpse of what methods and strategies the Iranian government has been take heeding to employ against the US and Its consort. The lecture describes In detail the dissimilar threats that the united States and its associate (particularly Israel) face. The first threat cover by Dry. mention is the threat of a clear weapon.Although Iran is a independent put up it has been a long time concern of the US that if able to develop any eccentric of significant nuclear technology (weapons grade or otherwise) it may fall in the hands of state sanctioned (The Iranian state) terrorist. Iran has employed tactics such as trying to kill a Saudi-Arabian diplomat and bomb a Saudi embassy in the US with the help of an Iranian Amer ican. This event shows the give that the Iranian state sanctioned terrorism and the danger it poses even on us soil. The second lecture Is titled The Non-State Solider In History. Dry.Catalan tells his students from the onset of this lecture that the Non-State Solider Is not at all a unoriginal solider or army or even the unrecognized Molotov- cocktail throwing rioter. They are Insurgents or guerilla groups who specialize In unconventional war farawaye. He explains to us that these groups are without an allegiance to a state but are much times funded by states such as Iran. These groups tend to fight using the terrain and other factors as an advantage. They try to avoid major clashes with conventional armies that are larger and better equipped.They use civilians to both strengthen their poem and to use as a sort of bargaining chip against the worlds government. The current cancer that the US and its ally face called ISIS is this type of group. The third lecture covered was entit led A sectarian Spring The proceed Struggles In Bahrain. In this lecture Dry. Catalan covers the uprising in Bahrain that started In 2011 and continues even today. He covered the tactics that the Insurgents use In do accomplish their particular goals. He also covered the various crude weapons that these groups employ.These types of insurgences are polar opposites to the two previous mentioned groups in this paper. Although organized this type of group has far less(prenominal) resources and an under prepared sporadic army or following. At its core though, there is a thinking person or group of people who use the beliefs, conviction, and emotions of the people to immobile them dodo their (the leaders) bidding. Ferguson second is an example of this type of scenario. In conclusion these are great lectures that contain a wealth of culture and explains the regarded topics fully.Military insurgents By leaflets fighting modern insurgents. This paper will be based on information self-po ssessed from three videos created by Dry. Martin Citation. The First being The Iran Threat. This lecture give its listeners a glimpse of what methods and strategies the Iranian government has been trying to employ against the US and its allies. The lecture describes in detail the various threats that the United States and its allies The second lecture is titled The Non-State Solider in History. Dry.Citation tells his dents from the onset of this lecture that the Non-State Solider is not at all a rioter. They are insurgents or guerilla groups who specialize in unconventional Struggles in Bahrain. In this lecture Dry. Citation covers the uprising in Bahrain that started in 2011 and continues even today. He covered the tactics that the insurgents use in order accomplish their particular goals. He also covered the various crude group has far less resources and an under prepared sporadic army or following. At conviction, and emotions of the people to immobile them to do their (the leade rs)

Animal Research as an Integral Part of Society

As Doctor Zola-Morgan stated in a speech to zoology right activists, Ive seen the impact of the animal rights movement. I believe this is an attack on science of the worst kind. If we allow it to prevail it will take us back to the dark ages. Too much of the popular has come to think of medical lookers as tormenters rather than healers. The good is overlooked and the bad is exploited. Although many raft think that animal research is morally upon, animal research should continue because it is critical to continued come up in tender health and alternatives to research animals are non available.Animal rights activists feel that animal research is immoral. They do not see where we as human beings beings see or feel that we are the preponderating species. They often assert that research with animals causes severe pain and that many research animals are abused. The activists do not feel the need to put the animals through such pain. Many of the experiments are replicated simila rly which causes an unneeded have for animals to perform experiments. Experiments which have already been proven are still being experimented with.However, animal research is an constitutional part of todays baseball club when thinking of how much progress we have gained in human health with the use of animal experimentation. To date some forty-one Nobel prizes have been awarded to scientists whose achievements depended on laboratory animals. Vaccines against polio, diphtheria, mumps, measles, rubella, and smallpox would not have been possible with tabu such experiments.There also would not be such authoritative techniques such as open amount of money surgery, brain surgery, coronary bypass, microsurgery to re-attached limbs, organ transplants, and correction of congenital heart defects. The list goes on about the medical advances that required animal research. Insulin to control diabetes and medications important in the worry of asthma, epilepsy, arthritis, ulcers, and hypert ensions are a few more to add to the list. To take animal research away would also be to halt our societys advancement of more procedures and more medicines to enhanc he better funding of humans.In addition, there are no alternatives to animal experimentation that can give the same results that it can. In certain research investigations, cell, tissue, organ cultures, and computer models can be used at least in the preliminary phases of the investigation. However, in many experimental situations, culture techniques and computer models do not capture the physiological complexity of the whole animal.Some examples of where animals are necessary in research include the development of a vaccine against HIV and improvement of methods to relieve mental stress and anxiety. These challenges can just now be turn to by research with animals. Computer models and cultures cannot get the whole body effect of an experiment. Humans are the solo alternatives to animals for this and when faced wi th this alternative, most people prefer the use on animals as the research model.Animal research is necessary to maintain our societys well being. Many people think it is morally wrong but when the advantages are considered with the disadvantages, the good outweighs the bad. Animal Research is necessary to continued progress in human health. If other methods were available they would be given a fair chance but for now only animal experimentation works best. If all of the advances in human health were taken away our society would still be in a primitive age. Animal research has taken us out of that age.

Brave New World Character Analysis

intrepid New World by Aloud Huxley, the reader is introduced to a very different society than the one that they currently live in. In this count onmingly weird society, Huxley introduces Lenin Crowner. Lenin is Aloud Huxley femme fatal character. She works at a London Center of Hatchery. Lenin is in addition a very pneumatic woman that is the ideal Brave New World citizen and is also exhaustively conditioned to meet the expectations of the world controllers.. Although intelligent, she prefers to return to her conditioning and not cause arguments.There are moments of non-conformity in her, that she hides such tendencies, preferring to be an ideal member of the Brave New World. Since she is a true product of the Brave New World, she dislikes traditional human emotions and sees sex as only a no strings given type thing. It is because of this that she doesnt understand why John the Savage is not interested in her just because of her body. The putting surface question surrounding L enin is does she really love John, or is this simply a case of wanting what you cant baffle? Throughout the course of the novel, we do see an evolution in Laminas character right around the timeJohn is introduced. We see the breaking point of Lenin when she does something at the end of the book that shes never done. She cried when seeing John isolating himself at the lighthouse thus showing that Lenin was presumably in love with John. Personally, still feel that Lenin was just foolish of the fact that John is different from the rest of the Brave New World. Overall, we as readers saw a major(ip) change in Laminas character throughout the course of the novel. I do feel however that Huxley could nonplus better represented Lenin in the beginning chapters and also describe her a bit

Strategic Direction of Harley Davidson

The success of Harley Davidson (HD) is due to the American motorcycle icons rough-and-ready Strategic Management. HDs vision, mission, goals and objectives strive to exceed the claimments of its main stakeholders. Although these inescapably argon not always met, the party has unique relationships with is stakeholders. The club stays on course with its strategical plan, despite the economy and the decline of American manufacturing and what might be considered its dwindling U. S. consumer floor. Stakeholders represent very important constituencies or groups of individuals who are part of an cheek or associated with an organization. (Module 01, 2013)HDs main stakeholders are its employees, customers and shareholders. Each stakeholder has its own motives for being involved with the organization. Normall(a)y these motives dissolver in common goals and objectives.MissionAn organizations mission is the overachieving goal of a company, the reason why it operates. (Module 01, 2013). Harley Davidsons mission statement is We ride with our customers and apply this deep connection in any market we process to create superior value for all of our stakeholders (Harley Davidson, 2012. p. 2).This mission statement places the needs of stakeholder foremost in the companys strategic plan.VisionA companys vision should set up the long term instruction of the company (vision), they incorporate the goals of the main stakeholders (shareholders, customers, suppliers, employees), they express the main values of the wariness to be embraced by employees, and they withdraw the main goals (Module 01, 2013). Harley Davidsons vision is We fulfill dreams inspired by the many roads of the world by providing remarkable motorcycles and extraordinary customer experiences.We fuel the passion for freedom in our customers to express their own individuation (Harley Davidson, 2012, p. 2). Harleys vision does state a continuing corporate path however it is on kind of romanticized. A look at the companys goals and objectives is needed to complete a picture of the organizations vision.Goals and ObjectivesGoals and objectives river basin the vision into achievable units at department levels for instance, that are further subdivided into smaller and smaller units, until they reach each employees desk. (Module 01, 2013) Harley Davidsons has identified four major goals in its Annual Statements.These goals include obtaining pliable manufacturing, creating shorter reaping development times developing a premium customer experience and fulfilling dreams (Harley Davidson, 2012, p. 4). Goals should tackle the SMARTER principle. That is that Goals should be intentional and worded as much as possible to be specific, measurable, acceptable to those working to gain the goals, realistic, timely, extending the capabilities of those working to achieve the goals, and rewarding to them, as well (McNamara, 2011). We pass on evaluate each goal to measure whether it get words th is criterion and the needs of the main stakeholders.Manufacturing. One of HDs goals is to create flexible manufacturing within its multiple facilities. In the past Harley on produced one bike per shew. If the public demand changed in that area Harley whitethorn have been left with a large supply and no demand. Harleys objective is to enable its plants to be able to produce the righteousness motorcycle for the needed demand in that area. The companys tactics include incorporating the success of its York plant into all of its plant globally. In 2011, the York plant was let onfitted to produce both the Tri Glide and All Touring Softail motorcycles (HARLEY Davidson, 2011, p 4).This will allow the company to move mathematical harvest-time to the correct customer at the correct time. Employees of Harley are encouraged to provide input and incorporate changes to improve products as well the production process. The goal of flexible manufacturing meets the entire criterion for the SMART ER principle. Both employees and customers benefit if this goal is realized. Product development. Harleys goal to reduce product development times include three main facets 1) a laser focus on the high hat product opportunities 2) reduced time-to-market and 3) increased product development capacity finished efficiencies (Harley Davidson, 2011, p.4). This goal does not meet the full criterion of the SMARTER principle. The goal is not specific. It does not quantify how much it wants to decrease the timeliness of product development. Employees benefit from this goal. The main benefit is that because HD believes in employees participating in the product development process it has created a learner centric environment. Employees stay well versed in their fields plot of ground assisting the company in developing quality products in shorter periods of time. This benefits the customers by providing quality products that keep up with advances in technologies and consumer desires.Retail. T he goal of this version at retail is quite simple to provide a premium retail experience with every customer, every day and everywhere, while strengthening dealer profitability (Harley Davidson, 2011, p. 5). Harley Davidson plans to work with all of its stakeholders to ensure that all of its many faces culminate in a great customer experience. This includes an in store and online experience. The SMARTER principle is similarly not completely met with this goal. The goal is not completely measurable. It is beneficial to all stakeholders.The strengthening of retail keeps employees utilize and the improved customers can make customers feel more valued and more likely to seek out the retail experience. Dream fulfillment. At the core, these three transformationsin manufacturing, product development and at retail make out down to one thing we must ensure, in a world of ever-increasing customer expectations, Harley-Davidson continues to fulfill dreams through remarkable motorcycles and e xtraordinary customer experiences far into the future (Harley Davidson, 2011, p. 5). All of HDs improvements end here.The improvement require all stake holder to work together to make the customer experience unique. The improvements, if effective will add to the Harley Davidson ethos.RecommendationMy recommendation to Harley executives is to remember to stay true to the brand, but to attempt to market products to find spic-and-span consumer within the US. Since HDs inception, Harley has been associated with the freedom of America, but it may be losing it American consumer while changing to a global market. Harley-Davidson demographics has long shown its reliance on an overwhelmingly white, male and middle-aged consumer base would ultimately scrap sales in North America, where it still earns two-thirds of its revenue (Kelleher, 2013).The goal that I propose is to include marketing to a younger group with a disposable income. I have been introduced to Harley in fact, I well-educate d to ride on a Buell in a Harley Drivers Edge Safety Course. I an African American female and have never been in the Harley advertising demographic. Harley does have a female riders program but its not advertised. All of the commercials that I have seen for Harley actual talk about the experience and financing.Although it is an American institution like a lot of older brands, it may lose it challenge a younger population. Increasing its consumer base can only be beneficial to its other stakeholders. It may potentially prevent manufacturing jobs from being transferred outside of the U. S. as Harley seeks consumers in other locations. Harley Davidsons use of strategic management is in line with the needs of its main stakeholders. The companys mission acknowledges the need to meet the demands of all stakeholders for a more effective organization.Harleys vision recognizes what HD brand means to the consumer. The organizations goals and objectives seek to make the brand more effective in the current global market while satisfying the needs of its stakeholders. HD should be careful that it continues to gain new customers as it reliable customer base ages and are no longer able or willing to ride. Harley has continued to use strategic management to change the companys fortunes over the years. As a result, the company has faltered but never very failed.