Ideal Leaders In Lord Of The Flies Essay Example for Free

Ideal Leaders In Lord Of The Flies EssayRalph, jackass and shoat all sustain unique qualities. Are whatever of them ideal leaders? What important qualities do each of them possess (and lack) as regards leadership?Who is the born(p) leader in Lord of the Flies? This is the question that Golding is making us consider. There is no right or wrong answer, as all of the boys possess unique leadership qualities. This essay will explore what qualities of leadership Ralph, Piggy and Jack possess (and lack), and eventually come to a conclusion (if one shag be found) as to which boy is the natural leader of the band of boys on the island. A leader is somebody who guides a group in whatever they do. They net policies, rules and, if necessary, decisions for the group that they lead, which the group should then follow.Ralph has a number of ideal leadership qualities. He is fair, maybe sometimes too fair, and believes in the idea of e preciseone having a feel to own their say (Ill giv e the conch to the next person to speak. He can hold it when hes speakingAnd he wont be interrupted. Except by me. 31) However, the rule of freedom of speech is overturned by Jack (Jack was the first to make himself heard. He had non got the conch and thus spoke against the rules, that nobody minded. 94) and Ralph does not do any function or so it.This is one of the qualities that Ralph lacks. He makes rules, but is not willing to enforce them because he maintenances that they may be ignored (You got to be tough now, make em do what you want. If I blow the conch and they dont come back, then weve had it 99) unless(prenominal) something happens to spur him to action, such as when Jack let the fire out (So Ralph asserted his chieftainship and could not have chosen a better way if he had thought for days. Against this weapon, so indefinable and so effective, Jack was powerless and raged without knowing why 77)Ralph believes in everyone having indebtedness and everyone unraveling unitedly and helping each other to build a successful community. He offers the groups long term solutions such as shelters and a forecast fire so that they would be rescued, however, he does not do enough to make these ideas attractive, and as a result he ends up doing most of the sour while the hunters and littluns disappear to have fun (And they keep running off. You remember the meeting?How everyone was going to work hard until the shelters were finished?, When the meeting was over theyd work for five minutes then wander off or go hunting. 51) This lack of acceptance of responsibility annoys him and makes him hostile (As they danced, they sang. Kill the pig. Cut her throat. Bash her in. Ralph watched them, grabby and resentful. 79) towards Jack and the hunters. As a result, he is not as tolerant of them as he should have been and eventually insults that part of the group (What above my hunters? Boys fortify with sticks. 137) This makes Jack angry enough to attempt to rebel a gainst Ralphs leadership, and straight after he leaves to start a tribe of his own.He is very good at communication. He says what he thinks rather than trying to hide his own opinions and feelings (Better Piggy than Fatty, Ralph said with the directness of genuine leadership., I was chief, and you were going to do what I said. You talk. solely you cant even build huts-then you go off hunting and let out the fire- 21/22) This is essential, because if you do not let others know your feelings, then they will not understand why you are acting the way you are, or your reasons for making decisions, and might think you are creation unreasonable.He can make his speeches naive for the littluns to understand, yet powerful by using repetition and explanation (He had learnt as a practical business that fundamental statements likes this had to be said at least twice, before everyone understood themHis mind was searching for simple words so that even the littluns would understand what the assem bly was about. 84) However, as events spiral out of his control, his speeches become less and less inspiring as he loses confidence in himself and his abilities, and eventually his followers desert him and he is left on his own, running for his life.Though Ralph is a natural leader (There was a stillness about Ralph as he sat that marked him outand most obscurely, yet most powerfully, there was the conch. The being that had winded thatwas set apart 19), able to reassure and offer comfort (The assembly was lifted towards safety by his words. They liked and now respected him. 36), the values and goals that he presents as part of his leadership do not offer the security that the group needs when their morale is low as a result of fear of the beast.As a result, he is only able to lead when times are good. He clings to the same ideals that he had when he first came to the island the idea of rescue, guardianship civilisation intact and having rules, and is unable to adapt to the changin g feelings on the island about those ideals when they are overtaken by more immediate and attractive offers (Because the rules are the only thing weve got Bollocks to the rules Were strong we hunt If theres a beast, well hunt it down Well close in and beat and beat and beat- 99)Piggy supports Ralph in his leadership, but does not have the popularity to be a leader himself. He possesses a number of leadership qualities, but because of his unpopularity, he is often ignored (There had grown up tacitly among the biguns the opinion that Piggy was an outsider, not only by accent, which did not matter, but by fat, and ass-mar, and specs, and a certain disinclination for manual labour. 68)Because of this, when important matters needing his foreplay occur, his valuable ideas are often disregarded (We ought to be more careful. Im scared- Youre always scared. Yah Fatty 45) He is intelligent, and most of the sensible, good ideas come from him (what intelligence had been shown was traceable t o Piggy 18/19 Ralph We can use this the conch to call the others. Have a meeting. 12 Piggy moved among the crowd, asking names and frowning to remember them. 14 We havent made a fire whats any use. We couldnt keep a fire like that going if we tried. 41 The first thing we ought to have made was shelters down on the beach. 45)He is also a very good judge of character, though he seems blind when it comes to seeing that the others, Ralph included, do not like him (He hates me Jack. I dunno why. If he could do what he wanted youre all right, he respects youI tell you what. He hates you too, RalphHe cant hurt you, but if you stand out of the way hed hurt the next thing. And thats me. 100/101) However, his pessimism (Theyre all dead an this is an island. goose egg dont know were here. Your dad dont know, nobody dont know We may stay here till we die. 9), his complaining and his dislike of manual labour leads to the other boys regarding him as being no use to the group, so they shout him down whenever he tries to speak (His voice lifted into the whine of virtuous recrimination.The others stirred and began to shout him down. 43) If Piggy and Ralph had worked together right at the beginning, with Ralph listening to Piggys ideas instead of regarding him as an irritation (Piggy was a bore his fat, his ass-mar and his matter-of-fact ideas were dull but there was always a undersize pleasure to be got out of pulling his leg, even if one did it by accident. 68), then Piggys intelligence and Ralphs popularity and dedication to work would have combined to make an sharp joint leadership which most of the group would have accepted.

Political And Economic Globalization Essay Example for Free

Political And Economic globalisation EssayGlobalization in whichever form has received different view from different people all everywhere the world. It has al shipway portrayed 2 faces in any field in which it was applied. Generally, globalization has its roots in economical and political cin virtuoso caserns. These two beas are chance upon factors which touches the lives of people in any country, hence, globalization in either economic or politics will most if not alship canal mint the ways of life in any given country. The consequences of economic and political globalizations are thus paramount in the induction of particular changes in the ethnical ways of these communities. The economic and political globalization has an impact on culture while at the same time the cultures have enormous impacts on the globalization of both. This is because in that respect is an intimate interrelationships and integration of the three human being activities which builds the human lif e. Thus, from the historical view of the three things, they have gone hand in hand for complete human life existence. Globalization of politics and economic are two key factors which are affecting the culture of modern world bringing about cultural homogeneity rather than cultural diversity.In reality, this has made crowds of people to remain perplex on which ways is these economic and political globalizations is driving the culture. (Mudimbe-boyi, 2002) Meanwhile, globalization has in like manner allowed the cultural diversity tpo surface as countries started to accept the globalized views and ways of life. The more global influences get in the culture, the more chance that the community acknowledges the uniqueness of its culture. firstborn and foremost are that many people having experiences obstacles of understanding what is culture and the compositions of culture. Michael Amaladoss gave any efforts of defining culture.He said culture is the way of a life of a people through w hich they humanize and socialize nature. In his further elaboration, he mentioned that it implies the world-view, a value system and a network of social relationships. There are key areas in which during economics and political globalization, they are obviously affected. The effects are felt when many people changes their values system and the original products which were once used by their forefathers. This phenomenon is not rare in most parts of the world where many people have gone under the transition of economic and political globalization.There are numerous alarming cultural practices which the worlds leaders are now struggling to ban as direct of this two globalizes factors. (Cowen, 2002) In some instances however, globalization becomes a driving force for people to realize how cultural affinities are being ignored. As people in different communities strive to adopt into the globalized world, they start to be more keen on its effects in the culture, thus the rise of groups concerned with protecting and/or preserving the cultural heritage. It has likewise served as the venue for countries to showcase the unique culture to the entire world.Globalization of economy and politics are not bring on with cultural diversity. Generally, each globalization processes are working ways out to have homogeneity of cultures. For instance, in terms of economic globalization in the sectors of horticulture sectors, the worlds organizations which deal with the problems of aliments shortages do not address the problem from root cause of the shortages. Their models hardly emphasizes on the available establishment of these local food stuff in the particular countries. Instead, they widely and vast get involved in the use of imports to solve the problems of hungers.Through such means the cultural foods products of the subjective communities in these states are set into extinction as the local are encouraged to embark on sowing new types of crops. This portrays that there is expansion of the culture from one point of country to an some other through these aids creating a homogenous cultures. (Adam, 2002) But because of the uniqueness of the cultures of each country, cultural differences will most likely affect how a country reacts to a globalized world, or how a country respond to globalization.Globalization can sometimes tend to be too Westernized that countries from Asia or from other part of the world will find it hard to adopt, thus resulting to further cultural diversity rather than homogeneity. Their global information infrastructures which as come on the ways of technology and industrialization has made trade increases. In addition, to trade many countries have been subjects to comply with unnecessary economic condition. This has especially affected those ontogenesis countries where resources and job opportunities are limited.The unfavorable economic environments in those states have created a loophole for the exploitation of the people. The people are being forced by worse survival of the fittest means to adapts the foreign culture so that they can attain their goals in life. As the adage goes power and wealthy and there to conquers and dominates the weak. (Cowen, 2002) Meanwhile, globalization has also helped developing countries. An example is for developing countries in Asia such as Philippines and India who have become an ideal venue for the support needs of the economies of the US and other countries in Europe.This has paved the way for the booming business processing outsourcing (BPO) industries in these countries due to globalization. The political globalizations are largely affecting the culture of these different communities of the world in the pretence of fighting for human rights. The politics from the westerns and Americans have spreads in all corners of the worlds in which the Americans are fighting to have democratic political area. Political globalists has intervened in issues of marriages and other mat ters which touches family affairs.Argument such as homosexuals and other related family matters have been widely politicized debates which have been accelerated by political globalization. The consequences of this embarked in the developments countries which are absolute majority pro- globalisms. The final result is that, the continued interaction of the people in the economic dispersions in the trades industries wits such peoples has enables the spreading of the vices to thousands of countries in other continents. Gayism and lesbians are two vices which did not exist in African continents in date of the previous two centuries back.The perpetual globalization on economic and politics has spread this flagellum disease to the continent in the last four to five decades. This vividly demonstrates, that the cultures which had rooted values in the continent has been absorbed creating some support of unvarying culture rather than cultural diversity. (Mudimbe-boyi, 2002) In the same way, the share of culture had also positive effect on other communities. People become more informed of how things are done in the other parts of the world, and thus they are able to establish benchmarks.These will then become a cornerstone of the right way of doing things by using these as models on how to successfully deal with political and economic concerns.ReferenceAdam, D. (2002) Community, Culture and Globalization Rockefeller Foundation Cowen, T. (2002) How Globalization is changing the Worlds Culture Princeton University Press. Greenaway, D. (2005) Adjusting to globalization University of Nottingham Mudimbe-boyi, E. (2002) Histories, Identities, Cultures, and the Challenge of Globalization University of New York Press

Factors that Affect Self Esteem

Factors that Affect Self EsteemAccording to social psychological research, which factors affect conceit?How people regard themselves and evaluate their self-worth or self-esteem differs from hotshot individual to the next. However, there are multiple factors that might affect an individuals self-esteem, these factors can include home(prenominal) treatment, group treatment and even the media. It can be hypothesized that matchless factor might affect self-esteem more significantly than the others. well-disposed psychologists eat seemed to agree that the social environment (while it does collect its affects) has a minor wreak on self-esteem. According to Schmitz, (2006) how children are treated domestically will have a significant influence on the development or lack thence of self-esteem. Furthermore, other studies seem to also share similar conclusions Belobrykin, (2003) conducted a study that explored self-esteem and its influencers, it was concluded that teachers and parents are the main influencers of self-esteem. Teachers and parents are both seen as haughty figures, as well as much more knowledgeable. Therefore, how they treated children, especially during developmental stages will have a psychological effect. Although social influences might have an affect it can be inferred that the main influencers are authoritative figures due to how children might seek acceptance and validation. Hence forth if the child does not spoil what they intend as stated formerly it will affect them negatively.However, through the excess of information and communication in the modern age, a large fury is placed on the media and its role in affecting self-esteem. Although, the media does play a role in affecting self-esteem, according to Fernandez and Pritchard, (2012) social media influences how both men and women should look. However, although the media seemed to have the greatest effect, for women social pressure also affected self-esteem and for men it was internali zation. Therefore, it can be assumed that social media simply acts upon peoples already existing self-esteem issues and that there is a different criterion such as social norms and standards or group treatment combined with how a person might believe themselves to be.Self-esteem issues have always existed long before the media, however, it can be stated that the media is simply a catalyst that increases or aids in increase low self-esteem. The media affects self-esteem though indirectly. For instance, how people recognize themselves versus how they want to be apprehendd, to elaborate further what people place on social media is what they want you to perceive them. Zuckerman, Li and Hall, (2016) conducted an experiment that explored what affects self-esteem between different genders. The research concluded that gender differences do not play a role in self-esteem, though it appears that these issues were more present in developed countries than in under-developed countries. This c an be due to how more developed countries are characterized by values of equality or freedom, which in turn can affect how people perceive they should be treated versus how they are actually treated. Furthermore, other studies have also stated that how individuals perceive themselves also affects how they are aided in social situations, which can also affect self-esteem further. This implies that how people are treated can affect light (Marshall, Parker, Ciarrochi, Heaven, 2013).In conclusion, self-esteem is not affected by just a single stimulus, however according to psychologists the main influence on self-esteem is domestic treatment in developmental stages of the child as it affects self-esteem on the long-term. Therefore, it is an individuals perception of what others might think of them which highly affect self-esteem. Furthermore, the media does not act a direct influencer of self-esteem, it is however an indirect cause of self-esteem issues. This is apparent as this issue is more present in highly developed countries.References Belobrykina, O. (2003). The Influence of the Social Environment on the Development of Older Preschoolers Self-Esteem. Russian Education Society, 45(5), 57-69. http//dx.doi.org/10.2753/res1060-9393450557Fernandez, S. Pritchard, M. (2012). Relationships between self-esteem, media influence and drive for thinness. Eating Behaviors, 13(4), 321-325. http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2012.05.004Schmitz, M. (2006). Influence of Social and Family Contexts on Self-Esteem of Latino Youth. Hispanic Journal Of Behavioral Sciences, 28(4), 516-530. http//dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739986306293999Shin, Y., Kim, M., Im, C., Chong, S. (2017). Selfie and self The effect of selfies on self-esteem and social sensitivity. Personality And Individual Differences, 111, 139-145. http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.02.004Zuckerman, M., Li, C., Hall, J. (2016). When men and women differ in self-esteem and when they dont A meta-analysis. Journal Of Resear ch In Personality, 64, 34-51. http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2016.07.007

GAP Competitive Analysis

GAP Competitive AnalysisInformation resources The explore has been based on industry and merchandiseing information from Mintel, Verdict Research, and Fame, which has been analyzed using different strategical theoretical frameworks such as the PESTEL analysis, Porters completive forces and blue ocean strategies, among others.(2) The overall strategic position of GAP Inc. in UKThe essay is mainly focused on two of its the sub brand of GAP Inc., which are GAP, and Banana Republic, analyzing the strategy of two operating situation.what are the advantages, such as the growth recent fiscal year 2009, market share? Distribution channels? Supply chain communicate?What are the disadvantages?What are the strategies that GAP Inc. should take? i.e. Gap needs to change the product to offer to a much fashionable and differentiated fashion adept and turn to its initial brand identity of offering fashion forward apparel to a safe fashion consumer.Introduction(1) Fashion retail marketThe macr o environment of fashion retail market.Disposable fashion is dead, says Carl McPhail, which means the consumers volition more value the quality and the sustainable of the clothes.E-commerce trendMarket posit strong?The whole world value chain is changed(2) The purpose of the essayThe purpose of the essay is to assess Gap warring and strategic situation devoted this new market structure. This analysis will be based on the different strategic and marketing theoretical frameworks, in order to give the infallible business recommendations to the company for succeed in the UK market.(3) The structure of the essayThis paper is organized in 4 sections.The first section evaluates the main literature and analytical frameworks that will be used along this research.The second section presents the Gap case study in terms of the companys background, the underperforming areas, and a thorough strategic and competitive evaluation of the outside(a) and internal forces that affect this company.T he thirds part states the formulation of the recommendation strategies based on the strategic situation analysis of the company.The final section consists of the conclusions of the researchTheoretical frameworkThe theoretical framework is mainly based on Johnson et al. (2008), to analyze the strategic position and strategic choices of a company, it is necessary to evaluate the external and internal environment that affects the organization, as the strategic performance of an organization depends on the matches between its internal resources and capabilities and the opportunities and threats that are present in the environment (Day and Wensley, 1988, Porter 1991, Hunt, 2000).PESTELPorters phoebe bird forcesBlue ocean strategyAnd all the theories are concluded into the framework of SWOT as the overall analysis of the caseThe above analysis will help determine what competitive strategies to adopt in order to gain a sustainable advantage in UK market.Gap Case study sceneThe Gap Inc., a brand that had been incorporated in the USA. As a global specialty retailer, the companys range of clothing is based on traditional US casual clothing, with a focus on t-shirts, hooded tops, trousers and denim. It has 142 GAP retail stores in the UK. GAP is positioned for a wide range of customers through its product lines, which including Gap, GapKids, babyGap, GapMaternity and GapBody, and offers iconic American style for all age who are looking for something with good quality and classic style. The company also extended its range over the years to entangle ranges such as Gap Maternity, GapKids, babyGap and GapBody by the end of the review period. (Euromonitor International, 2010) For the childrens wear sector, the company also teamed up with UK designer Stella McCartney in order to produce a range for its Baby Gap and GapKids Outlets.Gap was once considered to be the foremost US fashion brand in the UK, with a Gap Hoodie being an mandatory wardrobe staple for numerous fashio nable consumers. However, this positioning slipped towards the end of march 2010, and the brand had to compete with an increasing number of US brands for fashion-conscious followers, such as Abercrombie foumart and its sister brand Hollister. In addition Jack Wills, a British casual wear outfitter, became increasingly democratic with younger consumers, with who Gap was traditionally popular (Euromonitor International, 2010). The retailer built its global growth on basics, but has struggled to rival fast fashion. (Jeremy Lee, 2008 p19). Gap operate inside the UK market that is seeking for added value that more than just basic and sustainable, and competitors indoors the fashion market are dynamic and drastic as well.One hurdle to Gaps growth was its reluctance to operate within dynamic and remunerative internet retailing, which largely inhibited its growth in a long-term. Without any option to buy Gap clothing and footwear online, many will not wait until their next trip to the hi gh street to buy Gap jeans. They will instead simply purchase jeans online from another retailer. Gaps purpose to partner with Asos.com and sell its goods online indicates that the company is aware that it is lacking in this channel. Consequently, Gap may launch its own UK internet retailing site in the heartfelt future, should its arrangement with Asos.com prove fruitful.

The growing importance of business ethics

The increase importance of line of work ethicsThis essay discusses the growing importance of occupation ethics in todays championship world. It identifies and analyses the dilemma the multinational corporations atomic number 18 facing and the standards and principles they need to endowment fund when facing these situations. It alike identifies how a companys cypher of c be can help it to achieve its ethical standards in its global market and create an image of a responsible company providing fair functional environment and high ethical standards. In addition, It critically discusses the role and responsbilities that how an MNC can encourage ethical profession practice in todays conglomerate and competitive business environment.The business world is becoming a global village. Various countries markets argon becoming available to unknown castors and companies, this allows companies to go across the international borders to do business. It withal results in greater com petition and opportunities. Many companies become multinational corporations in this process. Multinational corporations are active and cardinal players in todays international business. MNC refers to firms that score panoptic and intensive involvement in global market, it also refers to firms that engage in foreign direct adornment and own or control resources and activities in to a greater extent than cardinal verdantMNC generally coordinate their activities from a central headquarters, but may also allow their affiliates or subsidiaries in foreign markets regardable analogue in adjusting their operations to local circumstances.Businessmen nowadays are non merely satisfied with their class acress markets and will go overseas to gain a market share in its global business. This leads to globalisation. Globalisation is defined as the expansion and deepening of ties across national borders, has gained ground in all aspects of the business environment. (Morrison, J 2006, p44 8) It enables individuals, corporations and organisations to reach around the world farther, faster, deeper and cheaper than ever before. It is the product of a particular form of governance rooted in the domestic political economies of the ahead of time industrialisers. (Prakash, A Hart, J 2000, p32)Some people argue that globalisation enables firms from developed countries to increase unemployment rate from their home countries by transferring job opportunities to a foreign unpolished with low restriction cost and serious environmental protection issue. According to the law of comparative advantage, the citizens of each nation can gain by outlay more(prenominal) of their time and resources doing those things where they have a relative advantage. (Carbaugh, R, 2007, p14)Success in international trade comes from the interaction of four country-and firm-specific elements.Porters national competitive advantagePorters rhomb Factors conditionsIncludes non only when land, labour , capital factors, also include factors such as educational level of workforces and infrastructure of a countyDemand conditionsA large and complicated domestic consumer demand would enable the country and companies to compete more effective and more competitively advantaged with other countries.-Related and supporting industriesThis includes industries supporting the main industry of the country. For instance, Swedens rigid paper industry enables its country to have a strong truck manufacturing industry such as Scania.-Firm strategy, structure, rivalryThis factor recognises the positive aspect of competition. therefrom government might establish an environment that fosters such factors.The problem of international resource allocation, determinants of the pattern of world trade, and gains from trade, all relate to trade, meshworks and benefits. (Meier, G 1998, p417)However, when a MNC explores its foreign markets, there are cultural and ethical barriers. A MNC will have to encount er a transmutation of business practices, moral doings, ethical standards and cultures which are quite different from their home country. .The main dilemma is MNC are required to use more than their corporate code of dribble, they are also encouraged to apply a higher standard level of ethical business practice.Ethics are defined as the process of distinguishing the right and good from the wrong and bad, and they mention a moral duty to pursue the good and the right.Business ethics is the good or bad behaviour companies carry on in their business. It shows that business should act responsible rather than just seeking profit and economic gains. It forces the companies to adapt themselves in a more ethical and morally correct behaviour and enable companies not only consider profits also have to take the whole society into consideration such as environmental issue.A companys code of conduct sets out what a company can do and what a company cannot do. It establishes a level of busin ess ethics when it operates both in host and home country. A MNCs ethical behaviour should be coherent in its global market.MNC should apply laws and ethical standards at home country and foreign markets where they operate. It should be followed consistently anywhere the MNC has its international business. A universal business ethics standard should be enforced for a MNC to the all the counties where it operates. Its ethical determine and integrity should not be changed or damaged to pursue an economical gain or profit.The most important thing is that right ethical vales must(prenominal) be applied in anywhere in the world where the corporate operates its business no matter where it is.A good corporate code of conduct should have the following characteristicsa uniform standard of ethics in its global marketset it as high and as practical as possibleapply the code of conduct strictly and consistentlyemployees should be fully aware of the codeA strong code of conduct would look a company to gain respect and support from its customers, local authorities even its competitors. To achieve success in todays competitive environment, a MNC should adopt a global standards and a common set of values which it can apply to everywhere it operates business.Besides establishing an ethical culture of a company, a good conduct code will also help the company to create an image of responsible and fairness in its global market.Moral principles might become a minor issue when a company explores its opportunities in a country where laws are not strong enforced and a fragile legal musical arrangement exists. MNC might adopt a lower standard of moral behaviour in foreign countries where laws are not restrictive as in their home countries. The questions for MNC might be Are we still going to stick into our principles? Are we going to accept and adapt ourselves to principles and standards that are lower than ours?A recent lawsuit is that Levi Jeans. It exited Chinas jean market a few years ago because of its notorious human rights records. The violation of human rights in China makes Levi in a dilemma whether it continues to operate in China or not. However, its global high standard of business ethics make it exited this major market because they cannot lower their moral standards so as to gain pure economic profits in China.In the world of business ethics today, the impact of ethical standards on MNC activities is becoming more and more important.As business ethics becomes more integrated into activities, we must pay attention to the risk of applying ethical standards from the home country to host country where MNC operates.For example, should an American company apply the same ethical behaviour and standard to a developing country such as Thailand?MNC also have to consider how to respect the local culture and apply to the ethical standards of the host country.An important problem for corporations is how to define ethical and unethical behaviour in a varie ty of countries. In todays world, the behaviour seems difficult to define and distinguish. If MNC apply correct behaviour, it would increase its image and reputation of good corporate governance, otherwise they will damage their reputations in its global market. As differences in the nature, methods, and scope of regulation highlight variations in models of economic organization, these can tighten trade tensions (Pollack, M Shaffer, G 2001p179)The more MNC interacts in a foreign market and country, the more they are going to testify whether their own values and moral judgment are right and absolute since the standards varies from one country to another. However, MNC should be aware that cultural differences and local traditions can be so different that they are contrary to MNC standard in their home country to a large extent.An MNC is usually expected to find itself unprepared in bring offing with ethical behaviour in a foreign country. Even if the problems are the same in a forei gn country, the ways to solve it might be different.A typical example here is gift-giving. In some countries and cultures, gift giving is allowed and tolerated. For example, in Japan, give giving is not unethical and often encouraged. It represents a kind of relationship between business and business or business and governments. This is quite different from the perspective of western society or ethical standards.This clearly illustrates the importance of nature of differences between different counties and cultures when evaluating different practices, while MNC have to consider whether it complies with its global ethical standards and principles.The main ethical dilemma here is what kind of ethical behaviour should MNC adopts when values conflict with another. Should a company invest in a country where weak labour laws exist or environmental issues are not considered seriously? Or should a company invest in a country where donationry is a common practice?Business ethics can help e mployees to be prevented from exploitation by profit seeking companies. It is quite clear that some activities are unethical and would not be tolerated no matter where it happens. For instance, forced labour should not be allowed in anywhere in the world. A recent case is that in Thailand, almost 200 people were killed in an international toy manufacturing factory. The cause of the deaths not only pointed to the ineffective sprinkler system, it also because the management level the facotory locked employee in the factory and eventually caused 200 deaths. This kind of behaviour should not be allowed and tolerated in any ethical standards and norms.Responsibilities of MNS to encourage ethical business practiceBribery issueThere are two kinds of corruptionsState CaptureIndividuals, organizations, corporations exercise their power to influence the ecesis of regulations and policies to benefit themselves to some extent, usually achieved by bribing government officialsAdministrative corr uptionGovernment official use their power and influence to force companies, individuals, groups to pay accepted fees by distorting laws and regulations.MNC will often encounter different practices, standards of business behaviour and cultures. They might face the situation that whether to bride a local government official in order to obtain a business contract or deal.A major and common problem in todays international business is how MNC can deal with bribery. In theory, there is no any country on this planet would allow businessmen to bribe government officials and officials are not allowed to take bribe offered by a businessman. However, in practice, this happens quite often. Corruption is a mutual mechanism. Corruption will never happen without demand and supply.Many MNC said that they would not accept and tolerate any kind of bribery. They would prefer not to compete for the business contracts if bribery has to be taken in the whole process.In many developing and less developed countries (LDC), a main problem is that the rising of corruption and bribery in local governmental bodies is leading to both politital and brotherly instability. This problem is more prevalent and serious in these developing or less developed countries law enforcements are not so strong or undeveloped. Child labour issueAnother main unethical practice facing MNC is the use of child labour. The labour market difficulties in developed countries are important and deserve full consideration (Michie, J 2003, p194)In most developed countries, use of child labour morally not allowed and more significantly it is prohibited by legislation. Hence, MNC operates in developing and LDC countries are expected to apply the same standards and rules.However in some countries in the world, use of child labour are often allowed and sometimes encouraged. Children are often expected to help their parents to sustain financial problem. This has been a culture or tradition in those countries. This is in general because of the poor education provided by the local government and insufficient funds to help those children to be well educated. In this instance, children would not be able to exit if they do not work. MNC have to face these situations when they operate in these countries. In these countries, child labour is encouraged to have economical gains. Further, because these societies often do not have the finance, facilities and manpower to provide obligatory and appropriate education, children would not be able to survive if they do not work. In Europe, it is concerned with the upheaval caused by globalisation. It must determine how best to use education and training to commit European countries to a process of job creation, whilst taking control of the globalisation and economy. (Prakash, A Hart, J 2000 p90)However, for MNC, they should not employ children without assessing the consequences. A detailed analysis should be conducted by MNC to assess whether children are suitab le to conduct work for them. In addition, they should also provide a fair and safe working environment for those children. Another effective way is to work and cooperate with the local government to provide necessary education and ensure children have necessary education and training before they can start in the workforce.ConclusionMultinational corporations have become an important and active role in todays globalisation. They have strong power and influences on a foreign countrys policies, regulations even legal issues. The way how they perform in a foreign market has become quite important for both the home country and host country it operates. The moral and ethical standards and principles MNC applies overseas should be consistent with those standards in their home countries. They have a strong responsibility to encourage, promote and apply a globally consistent ethical standards and principles.

God and Daniel Defoes Robinson Crusoe Essay -- Defoe Robinson Crusoe

Robinson Crusoe and God As Robinson Crusoe salvages anything useful for his subsistence off of the shipwreck, he alludes to his materialism. ...O medicate.. what art thou good for, thou art not worth to me, no not the taking off of the ground, one of those knives is worth all this heap, I have no manner of use for thee, een remain where thou art, and go to the bottom as a creature whose life is not worth saving... However, upon scrap thoughts, I took it away... (Defoe 57) It is easy to take Crusoes statement literally and dismiss him merely as an ostentatious person however, Crusoe sees real beauty in the saving sacrifice of God. The dominant theme in Robinson Crusoe is that sin has its retribution, but peace can be found through forgiveness and belief. Young Crusoes Original Sin leads him into a desolate plight. Crusoe finds strength in God, which he has been reacquainted with while on the shoals of secularism. Providence prepares Crusoe to escape with the aid of the Spania rds, and also sends an English ship. Crusoe rises only were all people ought to rise- in thankful acknowledgment of the divine mercy. Crusoe spurns his fathers advice and commits what he calls his Original Sin. His fathers Philosophy, which is designed to buy man happiness and pleasure in both this life and the next, nevertheless fails to take young Crusoe, who finds nothing, but boredom amid the comforts of the middle class.1 I was sincerely affected with this as indeed who could be otherwise? And I resolved not to think of going abroad anymore, but to settle at home according to my fathers desire. But alas A few days wore it off,... in a few weeks I resolved to run quite away from him. (Defoe 3) ... ...Crusoes conversion does not go unrequited as he surrenders to God, the island surrenders to him. After twenty-eight eld on the island, he is able to escape through divine Providence. The major theme of Robinson Crusoe is that sin leads to punishment, while devotion leads to peace. Robinson Crusoe is nothing less than a standard in the appropriate relationships among human beings, culture, and God Works Cited 1 http//www.kirijusto.scifi/defoe.htm 2 http//www.kirijusto.scifi/defoe.htm 3 Zimmerman, Everett. Defoe And The Novel. University of calcium Press. Berkeley, California. 1975 pg. 36 4 Zimmerman, Everett. Defoe And The Novel. University of California Press. Berkeley, California. 1975 pg. 37 5 Zimmerman, Everett. Defoe And the Novel. University of California Press. Berkeley, California. 1975 pg. 37

Chinese Peasants and Communism ::

The Communist revolution in China was loosely based on the revolution in Russia. Russia was able to implement the beginnings of Marxist Communism in the way that it was intended They had a large working class of factory workers, known as the lying-in, that were able to band together and rise up to terminate the groups of rich property owners, known as the bourgeoisie. The communist party wanted to adopted this same Marxist sense of revolution, but they realized that on that point were some(prenominal) fatal flaws in the differences between the two countries. The first was that there was not the same sense of class difference between people, yes there were peasants and landowners but there was not a sense of a class struggle. The other difference was that China was not industrialized like Russia so there was no proletariat group, as defined by Marxism, to draw the revolution from. What the Chinese Communists needed to do is re-define the proletariat for their situation, who they l ooked at were the peasants. To see how the Communists looked at the peasants the anarchist view demand to be considered as it can be argued the the anarchists were a precursor to the Communists in the view of peasants. The anarchists tried to instil the idea of class struggle by reflexion the peasant revolution is showing resistance to taxes and opposition to the government and landlords. By showing opposition to taxes and the government the anarchists tried to bring about collapse payable to lack of money which would in turn bring about a communitarian property system where the peasants would share land. The anarchists also did not seem that it was a subvert that peasants could be united citing that villages will work to protect their own, so if the idea can spread that all peasants are one big village that they would be able to unite.monoamine oxidase Zedong held a very similar belief when he was left in charge of the peasant revolution in his home responsibleness of Hunan. R ather than have the peasants in silent protests against the government he advocated terror attacks against the landowners and officials. This was completely against Chinese tradition which favors more moderate action and an emphasis on harmony. Mao believed that with these terror attacks by the peasants, or as he called it their revolutionary potential, that the party can assume a leadership role. Without these acts of violence, without using the fullness of their strength, Mao believes that the peasants could never overthrow the authority of the landowning class.